How to Start Shortest Path Routing Projects Using NS2

To stimulate a Shortest Path Routing project using NS2, follow these structured steps below the implement process they are:

Steps to Start Shortest Path Routing Projects Using NS2

Step 1: Setup NS2 Environment

  1. Install NS2:
    • Download NS2 from the NS2 Official Website or use a precompiled package.
    • Assure the needs such as Tcl, OTcl, and NAM are installed.
    • Validate the installation:

ns -version

  1. Familiarize with NS2:
    • Examine the essential for NS2 scripts and samples are placed in a ns-allinone-2.x/examples/.

Step 2: Understand Shortest Path Routing

  • Shortest Path Routing Concept:
    • Nodes are measure the minimum path to a destination according to the parameter metrics such as hop count, delay, or bandwidth.
    • Algorithms: Dijkstra’s or Bellman-Ford is generally used.
  • Goal:
    • The aim has replicate for the minimum path routing through the execution routing technique in NS2.

Step 3: Design the Network Topology

  1. Describe the nodes, connection, and network topology:

set ns [new Simulator]

# Define nodes

set n1 [$ns node]

set n2 [$ns node]

set n3 [$ns node]

set n4 [$ns node]

# Define links (bandwidth, delay, queue type)

$ns duplex-link $n1 $n2 1Mb 10ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link $n1 $n3 1Mb 20ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link $n2 $n4 1Mb 10ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link $n3 $n4 1Mb 30ms DropTail

  1. Signify the way by changing the delays or bandwidth and replicate the real-world routing variations.

Step 4: Implement Shortest Path Routing

  1. Routing Logic in NS2:
    • The NS2 helps for the static routing through default. Designed for dynamic routing in the minimum path are alter the routing logic.
  2. Extend Routing Protocol:
    • Modify or create a custom routing agent in C++ or Tcl.
    • Used the routing protocol for Dijkstra’s procedure and we measure the minimum path.

Example in Tcl:

Agent/ShortestPath instproc recv {pkt} {

# Extract source and destination

set src [$pkt src]

set dest [$pkt dest]

# Compute shortest path using pre-defined weights

set path [self calculateShortestPath $src $dest]

# Forward packet to next hop

[self forward $pkt $path]

}

C++ Example (if extending NS2 core):

    • Build a modify the agent inheriting from Agent.
    • Apply the Dijkstra’s procedure in the recv techniques for dynamic route bring up-to-date.
  2. Use NS2’s Built-In Mechanisms:
    • NS2 has help for simple dynamic routing protocols such as AODV that we can encompass for the minimum path measurements.

Step 5: Setup Traffic Flows

  1. State the congestion sources and sinks:

set udp [new Agent/UDP]

$ns attach-agent $n1 $udp

set sink [new Agent/Null]

$ns attach-agent $n4 $sink

$ns connect $udp $sink

# Add application to generate traffic

set cbr [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$cbr attach-agent $udp

$cbr set packetSize_ 512

$cbr set interval_ 0.05

$ns at 1.0 “$cbr start”

  1. Replicate the congestion flow by the network and we estimate the routing behavior.

Step 6: Simulate and Analyze

  1. Store the replication script as shortest_path.tcl.
  2. Process for the replication:

ns shortest_path.tcl

  1. Use NAM (Network Animator) we envision the network.
  2. Examine the suggested file we calculate:
    • Packet delivery ratio
    • Latency
    • Throughput

Step 7: Enhance the Project

  1. Dynamic Metrics:
    • Used the dynamic performance for delay, jitter, or packet loss as routing metrics.
    • Periodically bring up-to-date paths according to this parameter metrics.
  2. Scalability Testing:
    • Maximum the number of nodes and congested flows for the validate performance.
  3. Comparison with Other Algorithms:
    • Associates with procedures such as Bellman-Ford or distance vector routing.
  4. Energy-Aware Routing (Optional):
    • Integrate the energy metrics for nodes in the wireless sensor networks with energy aware routing.

In the end of the page, we utterly provide the comprehensive procedure to complete the implementation process for shortest path routing that was implemented in ns2 tool. For any further queries we will explore them in an additional manual.