How to Start LiFi Projects Using NS2

To stimulate a LiFi (Light Fidelity) project using NS2 (Network Simulator 2), has includes the NS2 extend by custom modules and we replicate the light-based communication systems, as NS2 does not natively helps for LiFi out-of-the-box. This process has contains for configure the replication environments and describe the LiFi communication protocols and designing the optical communication connection.

Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you get started with your LiFi project in NS2:

Steps to Start LiFi Projects Using NS2

  1. Install NS2 on Your System

Previously initialize any project in NS2; we want to install NS2 on the machine. We can download and install it from the official NS2 website or through using package managers for Linux.

For Linux (Ubuntu/Debian):

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install ns2

Designed for other platforms such as Windows, NS2 can be installed using tools such as Cygwin for sample Windows. Select the NS2 website for platform-specific installation procedures.

  1. Understand the Basics of LiFi

LiFi is a communication technology which uses the visible light, infrared, or ultraviolet light for transmit data. Important modules the design of LiFi includes:

  • LEDs as transmitters: Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can moderate the data light waves as the transmitters.
  • Photodetectors (PDs): The devices which receive the light signals and alter the back to electrical signals.
  • Optical communication channels: The free space through that light signals travel, by factors like as line-of-sight and interfering impact of communication.

In a LiFi system, the important alterations from the traditional radio-frequency (RF) communication such as Wi-Fi or cellular networks comprise the use of light-based signals instead of radio waves.

  1. Understand LiFi Simulation Requirements

We replicate the LiFi in NS2, we require the state of following features:

  • Optical Communication Links: Design the transmission and response for the optical signals optical communication connection.
  • Light Propagation Models: Describe the behavior of light in the environment such as free space, indoor settings, line-of-sight, or obstructed.
  • Signal Modulation and Demodulation: Replicate for encrypt/decrypt data onto light signals for the modulation and demodulation.
  • Device Mobility (optional): We are replicating the mobile LiFi devices; we can integrate through mobility models for sample random, grid-based, or human mobility models.
  1. Simulate Optical Communication Links in NS2

NS2 does not natively help for LiFi, so we will require either developing your own modules or extending existing ones and we replicate the optical communication features.

Option 1: Use Existing Extensions

Particular researchers and designers have built the extensions for optical communication or visible light communication (VLC) for NS2. We can view for VLC or LiFi-based NS2 extensions or patches from repositories such as GitHub or research papers. For sample, we can discover the following:

  • VLC (Visible Light Communication) Extensions for NS2: VLC is the precursor to LiFi and can be modified for LiFi replication in NS2.
    • We can examine the VLC-related extensions and adjust the LiFi communication systems.

Option 2: Create Custom LiFi Modules

If no existing extensions are necessary for the requirements, we can want to build the own custom component to replicate the optical communication channel, modulation schemes, and devices like LED transmitters and photodetectors.

  • Create New PHY Layer for LiFi: We would necessary to improve the custom physical layer and maintain the transmission of data through optical signals. This includes the designing light wave propagation for sample Lambertian model for LED light and factors such as transmission power, signal attenuation, and environmental interference.
  • Develop the MAC Layer: The Medium Access Control (MAC) layer in LiFi required for maintain on how the devices permits the optical medium that can be time-based or frequency-based like traditional wireless communication.
  • Define Mobility Models: The LiFi communication is typically line-of-sight, so mobility models require for accounting the devices positions relative to every other and the light sources.
  1. Set up the Simulation Environment in NS2

After we have the suitable LiFi modules, we can initialize for built a replication environment. The NS2 script will typically include the following module:

Define Nodes:

We want to express the nodes which will contribute in the LiFi network. In this case, these nodes will be devices capable for forwarding and receiving the light signals such as LEDs for transmission and photo detectors for reception.

# Create nodes for LiFi communication

set node1 [new Node]

set node2 [new Node]

# Define node positions (depending on your scenario, you may use mobility models)

$node1 set X_ 100

$node1 set Y_ 50

$node2 set X_ 200

$node2 set Y_ 150

Define LiFi Communication Parameters:

We will require configuring the parameters specific to optical communication, like as kind of variation, power levels, and signalling attenuation.

# Set up the LiFi-specific PHY and MAC layers (custom modules)

set lifi_phy [new LiFiPHY]

set lifi_mac [new LiFiMAC]

# Attach LiFi layers to nodes

$lifi_phy attach $node1

$lifi_mac attach $node1

$lifi_phy attach $node2

$lifi_mac attach $node2

Set Up Communication (Data Transmission):

We can replicate the data transmission among the nodes through creating packets such as simulating optical data transmission and requiring the protocols can be used.

# Create traffic flow (e.g., CBR or UDP)

set cbr [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$cbr attach $node1

$cbr set packetSize_ 512

$cbr set interval_ 0.01

# Start communication

$cbr start

Define Mobility (Optional):

The mobile devices for sample in a vehicular or robot scenario, we can use a mobility model replicate the action for a node. For sample, a arbitrary mobility model:

# Use a random mobility model for the nodes

$node1 random-motion 10

$node2 random-motion 10

  1. Run the Simulation

After the script is ready, we can process for the replication using the NS2 command:

ns your_lifi_simulation.tcl

This will implement the replication, and we will obtain outcome files such as trace files which includes the information near the transmission, packet loss, and other performance metrics.

  1. Analyze Results

We can examine the replication outcomes to assigns the performance for the LiFi network:

  • Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR): Calculate on how many data packets were achieved deliveries in PDR.
  • Latency: Evaluation of duration it takes for data we travel from one node to another.
  • Throughput: Estimate the throughput of percentage that data is initializes the transmitted in the network.
  • Energy Consumption: If energy efficiency is important for the project, we may also need to calculate the energy usage of the LiFi devices.

Used the outcome based on the tools like Tracegraph to envision and examine the trace files from the replication.

  1. Extend and Optimize the Project

After we have the simple LiFi setting, you can encompass the project through:

  • Simulating larger networks: Increase the further devices such as nodes and examine on how well LiFi executes the dense environments.
  • Implementing advanced MAC and PHY techniques: We can discover the beneficial variation schemes for interference mitigation and several assigns the technique for LiFi.
  • Simulating real-world environments: The real-world environment used a realistic channel models for sample indoor office environments, smart cities, etc. and mobility designs.

In this script, we had implemented and executed how to LiFi using the ns2 framework and also if you require further details about the LiFi we will provide