How to Start Route Access Protocol Projects Using NS2

To start Route Access Protocol (RAP) projects in NS2 (Network Simulator 2), these protocol typically executed for improving the performance of QoS (Quality of Service) within real-time applications. NS2 environment is a robust simulator, which support to replicate and estimate the performance of RAP. Below is a detailed simulation process to get started:

Steps to Start RAP Projects in NS2

  1. Set Up the Environment
  • Install NS2: Make sure that we have properly installed NS2 on the computer.
    • For Ubuntu/Linux:

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install ns2 nam xgraph

  • Confirm the installation:

ns

    • If effectively installed the NS2 then we can monitor the % prompt.
  1. Understand Route Access Protocol
  • RAP Overview: RAP enhances the QoS by means of choosing the optimal paths according to the performance parameters like delay, bandwidth, and priority.
  • For RAP, we learn the necessary metrics of QoS, such as:
    • Throughput
    • Packet delivery ratio
    • Jitter
    • End-to-end delay
  1. Plan the Simulation Steps
  • We can design the simulation environment including:
    • Node placements
    • Topology like mesh, star, or random network
    • Packet flow features such as data rate, packet size, and so on.

Key Parameters:

  • Mobility patterns as applicable
  • Number of nodes
  • Routing protocols which is used for comparing the performance of RAP with AODV, DSDV, or DSR
  • Traffic patterns such as CBR, FTP, and so on.
  1. Create a TCL Script

Inscribe a custom TCL script for RAP in NS2. Below is a sample outline:

Basic RAP Simulation Script

# Initialize the Simulator

set ns [new Simulator]

set tracefile [open rap_trace.tr w]

$ns trace-all $tracefile

set namfile [open rap_nam.nam w]

$ns namtrace-all $namfile

# Create a Network Topology

set nf 10

for {set i 0} {$i < $nf} {incr i} {

set n($i) [$ns node]

}

# Define Connections

$ns duplex-link $n(0) $n(1) 5Mb 2ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link $n(1) $n(2) 5Mb 5ms DropTail

# Define RAP traffic source

set udp [new Agent/UDP]

set rap [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$udp attach-app $rap

$ns attach-agent $n(0) $udp

$ns connect $udp [$ns node 2] 0

$rap set packetSize_ 512

$rap set rate_ 1Mb

# Run the Simulation

$ns at 0.1 “$rap start”

$ns at 5.0 “$rap stop”

$ns at 6.0 “finish”

proc finish {} {

global ns tracefile namfile

$ns flush-trace

close $tracefile

close $namfile

exec nam rap_nam.nam &

exit 0

}

$ns run

  1. Compile and Run
  1. We can store the tcl simulation script like rap_simulation.tcl.
  2. Execute the simulation using NS2:

ns rap_simulation.tcl

  1. View outputs:
    • Trace file: rap_trace.tr
    • Animation file: rap_nam.nam which is used for visualizing the performance outcomes.
  1. Analyze Performance Metrics
  • Trace File Analysis: Obtain QoS parameters such as throughput, delay to utilize external tools such as awk or Python.
  • Plot Results:
    • Design the graphs with xgraph:

xgraph throughput.xg delay.xg

  1. Compare RAP with Other Protocols
  • We will need to replicate the RAP with other routing protocols such as AODV or DSR for comparison.
  • Monitor performance variances applying the similar topology and traffic patterns.
  1. Document the Results
  • In this report of document specifies:
    • Network configuration
    • Simulation metrics
    • QoS parameters
    • Comparative analysis outcomes.

In this simulation, you can explore more about the Route Access Protocol projects, which were simulated and assessed with this simple simulation approach in NS2 environment. All additional project-related information will be presented in another manual.