How to Start Epidemic Protocol Projects Using NS2

To start an epidemic protocol project in NS2, we must know the basics of the protocol, configuring the simulator, and setting up the scenario for simulation. Below is a step-by-step instruction to get started:

Steps to Start Epidemic Protocol Projects in NS2

  1. Understand the Epidemic Protocol

The epidemic protocol is frequently utilized within delay-tolerant networks (DTNs) or ad hoc networks, making sure that message dissemination in sparse or disconnected situations. It needs to apply store-and-forward approach in which nodes are swap the messages based on the contact.

Following is primary concepts of this protocol:

  • Message replication: Nodes simulate and send the messages to others.
  • Buffer management: Nodes are temporarily save messages.
  • Random encounters: Message distribution depends on the mobility and random encounters.
  1. Set Up the NS2 Environment
  • Install NS2:

sudo apt-get install ns2

  • Confirm the installation:

ns

If NS2 effectively installed then the NS2 terminal opens.

  1. Understand Mobility Models

Epidemic protocols frequently need the moving nodes for replicating real-world situations. Make use of mobility patterns such as:

  • Random Waypoint Model.
  • Random Walk.
  • Group mobility models.

These are available in NS2 or can be implemented via scripts.

  1. Define the Simulation Scenario
  • Node setup: We can describe the volume of nodes, its mobility, and their interaction range.
  • Traffic patterns: Specify source-destination pairs and message generation rates in traffic models.
  • Buffer constraints: Execute the buffer constraints for replicating the realistic node storage.
  1. Write a TCL Script

Make a TCL script for mimicking the epidemic protocol.

Example:

set ns [new Simulator]

# Define nodes

set n0 [$ns node]

set n1 [$ns node]

set n2 [$ns node]

# Define wireless links

$ns node-config -adhocRouting Epidemic -llType LL -macType Mac/802_11 \

-ifqType Queue/DropTail/PriQueue -ifqLen 50 \

-antType Antenna/OmniAntenna -propType Propagation/TwoRayGround \

-phyType Phy/WirelessPhy -channelType Channel/WirelessChannel \

-topoInstance [new Topography]

$ns set topo [new Topography]

$ns topo load_flatgrid 500 500  # Set the simulation area

# Set node positions (optional for static scenarios)

$n0 set X_ 100; $n0 set Y_ 100

$n1 set X_ 200; $n1 set Y_ 200

$n2 set X_ 300; $n2 set Y_ 300

# Set mobility model

set god [create-god 3]

$ns node-movement $n0 random-waypoint 500

$ns node-movement $n1 random-waypoint 500

$ns node-movement $n2 random-waypoint 500

# Create traffic sources

set udp0 [new Agent/UDP]

$ns attach-agent $n0 $udp0

set cbr0 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$cbr0 attach-agent $udp0

$ns connect $udp0 $n2  # Data flow from n0 to n2

# Start the simulation

$ns at 0.1 “$cbr0 start”

$ns at 100.0 “$ns halt”

$ns run

  1. Modify or Add the Epidemic Protocol
  • Position the NS2 directory with routing protocols such as g., ns-2.xx/.
  • Integrate or fine-tune the epidemic protocol logic using C++:
    • Packet replication: Execute the message that swap among the nodes.
    • Message aging: Make use of TTL (time-to-live) for messages.
    • Buffer management: Execute the rules to lost old or low-priority messages.

Key files:

  • *.cc for the protocol logic.
  • *.tcl for the configuration.

After alternation, we can recompile NS2:

make clean

make

  1. Run the Simulation

We will need to run the TCL script:

ns epidemic_simulation.tcl

Make use of the trace file that is made for analysis or the Network Animator (NAM) for visualization:

nam epidemic_simulation.nam

  1. Analyze Results

Examine the crucial performance parameters such as:

  • Delivery ratio: Estimate the rate of messages that are effectively distributed.
  • Latency: Measure the average time within message delivery.
  • Overhead: Compute the amount of duplicate packets which are generated.
  • Resource utilization: Memory and bandwidth usage.

Manage the trace files and envision outcomes to utilize tools such as AWK, Python, or MATLAB tools.

  1. Optional Enhancements
  • Execute the optimizations such as spray-and-wait or quota-based forwarding.
  • Mimic scenarios including diverse mobility models, buffer sizes, or node densities.
  • We need to equate the epidemic routing with other protocols such as AODV or DSR.
  1. Document Your Work

Make a report or documentation includes:

  • Simulation configuration.
  • Protocol logic and improvements.
  • Outcomes and insights.

This simulation guide should offer a strong basis and step-by-step procedure to start and replicate the Epidemic Protocol Projects using NS2 environment. Further assistance regarding this project will be provided in another manual.