How to Start UAV Based VANET Projects Using NS2

To stimulate the UAV-based Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) projects using NS2 (Network Simulator 2) has includes the incorporate Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) into VANETs for improve the communication, routing, and congestion management. Below is a complete guide to help you get started:

Steps to Start UAV Based VANET Projects Using NS2

  1. Understand UAV-based VANETs in NS2
  • What are UAV-based VANETs?
    • The UAV-based VANETs use UAVs to support the transmission in vehicular networks through perform as mobile nodes, relays, or coordinators.
    • Applications has involves tracking the congestion, emergency response, and encompassing the communication range.
  • Why use NS2?
    • NS2 assign the replication for mobility, routing protocols, and UAV-VANET communications.
    • UAVs and vehicles can be designed as the mobile nodes through dynamic routing and mobility patterns.
  1. Define the Goals of Your Project
  • Common Objectives:
    • Estimate the UAVs as transmission relays in the VANETs.
    • Validate the UAV-assisted routing protocols for VANETs.
    • Perform the parameter metrics such as throughput, delay, and packet delivery ratio.
    • It replicates the congestion environment through UAVs help for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication.
  1. Install NS2
  • Install NS2 on Linux:

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install ns2

  • Verify installation:

ns

If % appears, the installation is successful.

  1. Plan the Network Topology
  • Topology Components:
    • UAVs: Mobile nodes flying above the road network to assist communication.
    • Vehicles: Nodes with mobility patterns simulating vehicles on roads.
    • RSUs (Road-Side Units): The nodes are stable it providing the help for structure.
    • Base Stations: It centralized the control points for data aggregation.
  • Example Topology:
    • The UAVs flying over a network the road.
    • The vehicles are moving beside the predefined routes.
    • The RSUs at intersections or important places.
  1. Create a Basic UAV-based VANET Simulation

Here’s an sample replication script for a UAV-assisted VANET:

Example Script:

# Create a Simulator

set ns [new Simulator]

# Trace and NAM Files

set tracefile [open uav_vanet.tr w]

$ns trace-all $tracefile

set namfile [open uav_vanet.nam w]

$ns namtrace-all $namfile

# Define Nodes

set vehicle1 [$ns node]

set vehicle2 [$ns node]

set uav [$ns node]

set rsu [$ns node]

# Set Node Types (Optional)

$vehicle1 set type_ “vehicle”

$vehicle2 set type_ “vehicle”

$uav set type_ “uav”

$rsu set type_ “rsu”

# Mobility Configuration (Vehicle and UAV)

$ns at 0.0 “$vehicle1 setdest 200.0 100.0 10.0”

$ns at 0.0 “$vehicle2 setdest 300.0 100.0 15.0”

$ns at 0.0 “$uav setdest 250.0 250.0 20.0”

# Create Links

$ns duplex-link $vehicle1 $uav 10Mb 5ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link $uav $rsu 20Mb 10ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link $vehicle2 $uav 10Mb 5ms DropTail

# Traffic Generation (Vehicle to RSU via UAV)

set tcp_vehicle1 [new Agent/TCP]

$ns attach-agent $vehicle1 $tcp_vehicle1

set tcp_sink_rsu [new Agent/TCPSink]

$ns attach-agent $rsu $tcp_sink_rsu

$ns connect $tcp_vehicle1 $tcp_sink_rsu

set ftp [new Application/FTP]

$ftp attach-agent $tcp_vehicle1

$ftp start

# Traffic Between Vehicles (V2V Communication)

set udp_vehicle2 [new Agent/UDP]

$ns attach-agent $vehicle2 $udp_vehicle2

set null_sink [new Agent/Null]

$ns attach-agent $vehicle1 $null_sink

$ns connect $udp_vehicle2 $null_sink

# Finish Procedure

proc finish {} {

global ns tracefile namfile

$ns flush-trace

close $tracefile

close $namfile

exec nam uav_vanet.nam &

exit 0

}

# Schedule End of Simulation

$ns at 10.0 “finish”

# Run Simulation

$ns run

  1. Simulate UAV-based Features
  • Dynamic UAV Movement:
    • Use dynamic mobility models and replicate the UAVs patrolling or dynamically adapting routes.

$ns at 2.0 “$uav setdest 300.0 300.0 25.0”

  • Adaptive Communication:
    • Alter the routing protocols for give precedence to UAVs as relays in high-traffic environment.
  • Resource Awareness:
    • Replicate the UAVs by energy constraints for realistic surroundings.
  1. Analyze the Results
  • Metrics to Measure:
    • Throughput: Calculate the achieved the throughput for data transmission rates.
    • Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR): Estimate the rate of packets delivered successfully in PDR.
    • Latency: Examine the delays in transmission paths.
    • Network Lifetime: Deliberate the UAV energy usage for long-term replication.
  • Trace File Analysis: Parse the trace file such as uav_vanet.tr for parameter metrics:

grep “tcp” uav_vanet.tr > analysis.txt

  • Visualization with NAM: Start the .nam file and envision for node action and communication:

nam uav_vanet.nam

  1. Enhance the Simulation
  • Dynamic Routing Protocols:
    • Execute or replicate the UAV-aware routing protocols such as AODV or DSDV.
  • Congestion Management:
    • It uses the QoS methods for give precedence the complex congestion for sample emergency messages.
  • Collision Avoidance:
    • The procedures are replicate to prevent the collision in dense environments.
  1. Advanced UAV-based VANET Project Ideas
  • UAV-Assisted Routing: Validate the protocols such as UAV-enhanced AODV for dynamic routing.
  • Real-time Traffic Monitoring: Replicate the UAVs has gathered and disseminating congestion data to vehicles.
  • Energy-efficient UAV Deployment: The optimal replicate has examined the UAV deployment approaches for minimize the energy usage.
  • Emergency Response Networks: Replicate the UAVs have delivers the communication in disaster environment.
  • Multi-UAV Collaboration: Design the cooperation among the several UAVs for improved the coverage and reliability.
  1. Document Your Project
  • Include:
    • The document start with prepares the objectives and problem statement.
    • Then process for the topology and mobility model details.
    • After the process gives the simulation parameters for sample bandwidth, delay, node positions.
    • Next metrices are analyzed for instance throughput, PDR, latency.
    • Finally contribute the document for results, observations, and graphs.

Feel free to ask for help with advanced configurations, custom protocols, or specific scenarios for your UAV-based VANET project in NS2!

Through this brief procedure, you can get to understand more about the simulation process and their approaches regarding the UAV-based VANET including sample snippets using ns2 tool. Additional clarification will be exploring UAV-based VANET in another document.