How to Start EIGRP Protocol Projects Using NS2

To stimulate an EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) is includes the new method for distance-vector routing protocol it creates the Cisco, primarily used in large-scale enterprise networks. Then NS2 does not natively help EIGRP, executing the EIGRP projects in NS2 requires some modification and extensions to replicate the protocol’s behavior.

Here is a step-by-step guide to start EIGRP protocol projects in NS2:

Steps to Start EIGRP Protocol Projects Using NS2

  1. Understand EIGRP Concepts

EIGRP key features:

  • Distance-vector and link-state hybrid protocol: Uses the better features for together.
  • DUAL (Diffusing Update Algorithm): Avoids the loops and assure the fast convergence.
  • Metric Calculation: The parameter metrics according to their bandwidth, delay, reliability, and load.
  • Partial Updates: Bring up-to-date are forwarding the overhead after the variations and reduced.
  • Neighbor Relationships: It handles the information about directly connected the routers.
  1. Define Your Project Goals

Select a specific focus area:

  1. Basic EIGRP Simulation:
    • Replicate the routing table for creation and updates.
  2. Performance Analysis:
    • Estimate the EIGRP in terms of convergence time, throughput, and packet loss.
  3. Comparison:
    • Associate the EIGRP by other protocols such as OSPF or RIP.
  4. Optimization:
    • Calculate for the Execution of enhancement in EIGRP’s parameter metric or DUAL procedure.
  1. Set up NS2
  1. Install NS2:
    • Use NS2.35 on Linux for the better outcomes.
  2. Verify Installation:
    • Validate by a simple replication script and assure operates for NS2.
  3. Extend NS2 for EIGRP:
    • Since EIGRP is not natively help, we can:
      • Execute the EIGRP logic in NS2 using C++.
      • Replicate the EIGRP-like behavior by alter the routing scripts.
  1. Extend NS2 for EIGRP

Option 1: Add Custom EIGRP Modules

  1. Modify NS2 Routing Codebase:
    • Encompass the rtproto.h and rtproto.cc has involves the EIGRP logic.
    • Execute the core EIGRP features:
      • Neighbor Discovery: It handle the neighbor relationships using “HELLO” packets.
      • DUAL Algorithm: The Diffusing Update Algorithm uses the route computation.
      • Metric Calculation: Improve the function and calculation for EIGRP parameter metric.
    • Example metric formula: Metric=(107/Minimum Bandwidth)+Cumulative Delay\text{Metric} = (10^7 / \text{Minimum Bandwidth}) + \text{Cumulative Delay}Metric=(107/Minimum Bandwidth)+Cumulative Delay
  2. Add Packet Structures:
    • Alter the packet.h has includes the EIGRP-specific kind of packet for sample HELLO, UPDATE, QUERY, REPLY.

struct hdr_eigrp {

int sequence_number;

int metric;

int delay;

// Add more fields as required

};

  1. Recompile NS2:
    • Rebuild NS2 to involves the alter EIGRP module:

make clean

make

Option 2: Simulate EIGRP Behavior in TCL

If you prefer not to modify C++, we can approximate EIGRP using TCL scripting:

  • Built a periodic “HELLO” packet are interactions to replicate the neighbor discovery.
  • Measure and bring up-to-date routing tables are manually in the script.
  • Use the connection weights and calculation for replicate the EIGRP’s parameter metric.
  1. Create a Simulation Script

Write a TCL script to replicate the network using EIGRP.

Example: Basic EIGRP Network Simulation

  1. Define Network Topology:

set ns [new Simulator]

set n1 [$ns node]

set n2 [$ns node]

set n3 [$ns node]

set n4 [$ns node]

$ns duplex-link $n1 $n2 10Mb 10ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link $n2 $n3 10Mb 10ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link $n3 $n4 10Mb 10ms DropTail

  1. Simulate EIGRP Behavior:
    • Forward the “HELLO” packets for neighbor discovery:

proc send_hello {node} {

puts “$node sends HELLO packet”

}

$ns at 1.0 “send_hello $n1”

    • Simulate routing table updates:

proc update_routing_table {node metric delay} {

puts “$node updates routing table with metric: $metric and delay: $delay”

}

$ns at 2.0 “update_routing_table $n2 100 5”

  1. Log Simulation Results:

set tracefile [open eigrp-trace.tr w]

$ns trace-all $tracefile

  1. Run the Simulation:

$ns at 50.0 “finish”

proc finish {} {

global ns

$ns flush-trace

close $tracefile

exit 0

}

  1. Analyze the Results

Analyze the created by trace file to estimate the EIGRP performance.

Example Analysis:

  1. Convergence Time:
    • Calculate the duration for the routing table and we later stabilize the topology modification.
  2. Routing Overhead:
    • Total the number of EIGRP packets altered.

awk ‘{if ($4 == “EIGRP”) count++} END {print “EIGRP Packet Count:”, count}’ eigrp-trace.tr

  1. Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR):
    • Measure the rate of achieved by delivered packets.
  1. Visualize Results
  • Use Network Animator (NAM):
    • Follow the modify of EIGRP packets and routing behavior:

nam eigrp-simulation.nam

  1. Advanced Features
  1. EIGRP Route Filtering:
    • Routes are replicating the filtering for use prefix lists or access control.
  2. Failure Recovery:
    • Replicate the connection/node failures and calculate the EIGRP’s recovery time.
  3. Load Balancing:
    • Execute and estimate the EIGRP’s unequal-cost load balancing feature.
  4. Comparison with Other Protocols:
    • Replicate the OSPF, RIP, or DSDV and associate through EIGRP in terms of overhead, delay, and throughput.
  5. Scalability Analysis:
    • Increase the network size and examine the EIGRP’s performance for large-scale networks.
  1. Document Your Project

Include:

  1. It initializes the objectives and problem definition.
  2. Then process for the network topology analysis and provides the details for EIGRP execution.
  3. Replication setting and setup.
  4. Then parameter metrices give the results and performance analysis.
  5. Finally it gives the contribution of project is insights and conclusions.
  1. Example Project Ideas
  1. Performance Evaluation of EIGRP:
    • Estimate the parameter metrics such as convergence time, throughput, and packet loss below different network environment.
  2. EIGRP Load Balancing:
    • Replicate and analyze the unequal-cost load balancing in EIGRP.
  3. Fault Tolerance in EIGRP:
    • Validate the EIGRP’s capability to recover from the connection or node failures.
  4. Energy-Efficient EIGRP:
    • It enhances the EIGRP for mobile ad-hoc networks through integrating the energy efficiency for parameter metrics.
  5. EIGRP Security:
    • Replicate and implement the threats such as route spoofing or man-in-the-middle attacks.

In the presented manual, we demonstrate the comprehensive procedures to implement and execute the Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol that has implementation procedures explanation and sample snippets were given to execute in ns2 tool. Additional specific details regarding the Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol will be provided.