How to Start M2M Communication Project Using NS2

To create an M2M Communication (Machine-to-Machine) project in NS2 (Network Simulator 2) has involves the replicate of autonomous communication among the devices deprived of human intrusion. M2M is generally used in IoT systems, industrial automation, and smart city applications. Below is a step-by-step guide to start an M2M Communication project in NS2.

Steps to Start M2M Communication Project Using NS2

  1. Set up NS2 for M2M Communication
  1. Install NS2:
    • Download NS2 from the official site.
    • Install it on a Linux system or use Cygwin for Windows.
  2. Verify the Installation:
    • Process for the outcome of assures NS2 is operative correctly.
  3. Extend NS2 for IoT/M2M:
    • NS2 does not natively helps for IoT-specific protocols such as MQTT or CoAP. Encompass NS2 by patches or write modify component to apply the M2M-specific structures.
  1. Understand M2M Communication Requirements
  • Devices:
    • Characterize the devices as nodes for sample sensors, actuators.
  • Communication:
    • Use UDP for lightweight transmission or TCP for reliability is communication.
  • Traffic:
    • Periodic data are replicate the modification or event-driven communication.
  • Protocols:
    • Execute or encompass the previous protocols such as AODV, DSDV, or DSR for routing.
  • Mobility (Optional):
    • Replicate the fixed or mobile devices according to the use cases.
  1. Define the Network Topology

Generate a Tcl script to model the M2M network.

Example: Basic M2M Network Topology

# Create a simulator instance

set ns [new Simulator]

# Trace and NAM files

set tracefile [open m2m.tr w]

set namfile [open m2m.nam w]

$ns trace-all $tracefile

$ns namtrace-all $namfile

# Define nodes

set sensor1 [$ns node]

set sensor2 [$ns node]

set actuator [$ns node]

set gateway [$ns node]

# Configure wireless channels

$ns add-wireless-channel 2.4GHz 100m

# Mobility configuration for sensors (optional)

$sensor1 set X_ 0

$sensor1 set Y_ 0

$sensor1 set Z_ 0

$sensor2 set X_ 50

$sensor2 set Y_ 50

$sensor2 set Z_ 0

# Connectivity

$ns add-wireless-connection $sensor1 $gateway

$ns add-wireless-connection $sensor2 $gateway

$ns add-wireless-connection $gateway $actuator

# Traffic generation

set udp [new Agent/UDP]

$ns attach-agent $sensor1 $udp

set null [new Agent/Null]

$ns attach-agent $gateway $null

$ns connect $udp $null

set cbr [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$cbr set packetSize_ 512

$cbr set interval_ 0.5

$cbr attach-agent $udp

# End simulation

$ns at 10.0 “finish”

proc finish {} {

global ns tracefile namfile

$ns flush-trace

close $tracefile

close $namfile

exec nam m2m.nam &

exit 0

}

# Run simulation

$ns run

  1. Simulate M2M Communication
  • Sensor Data Transmission:
    • Used the UDP or TCP for forwarding periodic data to the gateway.
  • Gateway Processing:
    • Route or process data received from the sensors and transmit it to actuators or other devices.
  1. Implement M2M Protocols

Spread or estimate the specific M2M transmission protocols:

  1. Routing:
    • Used the previous protocols such as AODV, DSDV, or DSR for dynamic routing in M2M networks.
    • Example:

$ns node-config -adhocRouting AODV

  1. Custom Protocols:
    • Execute the MQTT, CoAP, or lightweight communication protocols as C++ modules.
  1. Add Traffic Models

It contains the several replication for M2M congestion designs:

  1. Periodic Communication:
    • Designed for sensors forward the regular bring up-to-date.
    • Example:

$cbr set interval_ 1.0  # Send data every second

  1. Event-Driven Communication:
    • Intended for sensors triggering the data communication according to the movements.
    • Sample:

$ns at 5.0 “$sensor1 send-event”

  1. Hybrid Models:
    • Associate the hybrid periodic and event-driven congestion.
  1. Run and Visualize the Simulation
  1. Store the Tcl script as m2m.tcl.
  2. Estimate the script:

ns m2m.tcl

  1. Visualize the simulation in NAM:

nam m2m.nam

  1. Analyze Results
  • Trace File Analysis:
    • Excerpt the parameter metrics from m2m.tr.
  • Performance Metrics:
    • Packet Delivery Ratio: Ratio of successfully delivered packets to total packets forward in the PDR.
    • Latency: Duration taken for data to reach the destination.
    • Throughput: The throughput has data delivered the per unit time.
    • Energy Consumption: If replicated, study the battery life for a device.

Example AWK Script for Throughput Analysis:

awk ‘{

if ($1 == “r” && $4 == “udp”) {

sum += $6

}

} END {

print “Throughput:”, sum / 1000, “kbps”

}’ m2m.tr

  1. Extend the Project
  1. Scalability:
    • Rise the number of sensors, actuators, and gateways for a scalability.
  2. Energy Efficiency:
    • Replicate the battery-powered devices and examine the energy usage.
  3. Security:
    • Increase encode or verification mechanisms for protected the M2M communication.
  4. Mobility:
    • Mobile devices are replicate or setting the dynamic network.
  5. QoS Support:
    • Apply the priority-based data sending a complex application.

By referring this detailed process, we grasped the concept on how to simulate the M2M Communication in the ns2 and what are the approaches we can use to evaluate it. We also provide some sample techniques with examples and snippets to help you. If you need to get knowledge more about this process let me know!