How to Start 3D Underwater WSN Projects Using NS3

To start 3D Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN) project using NS3 that encompasses to replicate underwater sensor nodes’ network, which interact with each other within a three-dimensional space that normally to utilize the acoustic interaction by reason of the high attenuation of RF signals underwater. NS3 doesn’t support directly to underwater networking or 3D environments, however we know how to replicate UWSNs by means of tailoring mobility models, to configure 3D positioning, and to utilize the specialized underwater interaction models such as acoustic channels. Here’s a sequential procedure to making a 3D UWSN project in NS3.

Steps to Start 3D Underwater WSN Projects in NS3

  1. Install NS3
  1. Download and Install NS3:

git clone https://gitlab.com/nsnam/ns-3-dev.git ns-3

cd ns-3

./waf configure –enable-examples –enable-tests

./waf build

  1. Verify Installation by executing a simple instance:

./waf –run=point-to-point

  1. Understand 3D Underwater Wireless Sensor Network Components

In a 3D UWSN, the crucial modules contain:

  • Underwater Sensor Nodes: In a 3D space underwater, nodes are delivered, which accumulate the environmental data.
  • Sink Node (or Buoy): A surface-level or anchor node, from the underwater sensors which gathers information and might transmit data to a central location.
  • Acoustic Channel Model: Replicates the underwater acoustic interaction that contains unique features such as slow propagation speed, high latency, and multipath effects.
  • 3D Mobility Models: In 3D space, it mimics node positions and movements since underwater nodes frequently drift including currents.
  1. Integrate an Underwater Communication Module

NS3 doesn’t contain underwater acoustic interaction designs using default. We can either:

  • An NS3-based extension modeled for underwater networking utilizing specialized libraries such as DESERT Underwater.
  • Execute a custom acoustic model by means of setting metrics such as speed of sound, delay, and packet error rates.

Install DESERT Underwater (Optional)

DESERT Underwater appends the acoustic channel models and protocols, which appropriate for underwater environments. Adhere to DESERT’s configuration guidelines incorporating this along with NS3.

  1. Set Up Basic 3D UWSN Topology

Set up a 3D positioning model utilizing MobilityHelper of NS3. Configure sensor nodes are delivered along with 3D space, to signify an underwater environment.

Example: Basic 3D UWSN with Acoustic Communication

This instance makes a basic underwater sensor network including nodes to interact across an acoustic channel and located within a 3D environment.

#include “ns3/core-module.h”

#include “ns3/network-module.h”

#include “ns3/internet-module.h”

#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”

#include “ns3/applications-module.h”

#include “ns3/propagation-module.h”

using namespace ns3;

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

CommandLine cmd;

cmd.Parse(argc, argv);

// Create nodes for underwater sensors

NodeContainer underwaterNodes;

underwaterNodes.Create(10); // Ten sensor nodes

// Set up 3D mobility model for underwater nodes

MobilityHelper mobility;

mobility.SetPositionAllocator(“ns3::RandomBoxPositionAllocator”,

“X”, RandomVariableValue(UniformVariable(0.0, 500.0)),

“Y”, RandomVariableValue(UniformVariable(0.0, 500.0)),

“Z”, RandomVariableValue(UniformVariable(-100.0, 0.0))); // Depth from -100 to 0 meters

mobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::GaussMarkovMobilityModel”,

“Bounds”, BoxValue(Box(0, 500, 0, 500, -100, 0)),

“MeanVelocity”, Vector3DValue(Vector3D(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)),

“MeanDirection”, DoubleValue(0.0),

“MeanPitch”, DoubleValue(0.0),

“NormalVelocity”, DoubleValue(0.1),

“NormalDirection”, DoubleValue(0.1),

“NormalPitch”, DoubleValue(0.1));

mobility.Install(underwaterNodes);

// Install Internet stack

InternetStackHelper stack;

stack.Install(underwaterNodes);

// Assign IP addresses

Ipv4AddressHelper address;

address.SetBase(“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);

Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign(NetDeviceContainer());

// Set up applications: UDP echo for testing

uint16_t port = 9;

UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer(port);

ApplicationContainer serverApp = echoServer.Install(underwaterNodes.Get(0)); // Node 0 as the server

serverApp.Start(Seconds(1.0));

serverApp.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient(interfaces.GetAddress(0), port);

echoClient.SetAttribute(“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue(10));

echoClient.SetAttribute(“Interval”, TimeValue(Seconds(1.0)));

echoClient.SetAttribute(“PacketSize”, UintegerValue(1024));

ApplicationContainer clientApp = echoClient.Install(underwaterNodes.Get(1)); // Node 1 as the client

clientApp.Start(Seconds(2.0));

clientApp.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

Simulator::Run();

Simulator::Destroy();

return 0;

}

  1. Configure an Acoustic Propagation Model

To replicate the acoustic communication, we modify propagation delay and path loss models of NS3. For underwater situations:

  • Configure a slower propagation speed like 1500 m/s.
  • To account for underwater absorption and scattering utilizing custom path loss models.

Example:

Ptr<UnderwaterAcousticPropagationDelayModel> delayModel = CreateObject<UnderwaterAcousticPropagationDelayModel>();

Ptr<UnderwaterAcousticPropagationLossModel> lossModel = CreateObject<UnderwaterAcousticPropagationLossModel>();

YansWifiChannelHelper channel;

channel.SetPropagationDelay(“ns3::UnderwaterAcousticPropagationDelayModel”);

channel.SetPropagationLoss(“ns3::UnderwaterAcousticPropagationLossModel”, “Frequency”, DoubleValue(25e3));

  1. Implement 3D Mobility Models for Drift and Movement

Replicate the underwater movement and drift by reason of currents utilizing mobility models such as GaussMarkovMobilityModel or RandomWalk3dMobilityModel.

Example with Gauss-Markov Mobility Model:

mobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::GaussMarkovMobilityModel”,

“Bounds”, BoxValue(Box(0, 500, 0, 500, -100, 0)),

“MeanVelocity”, Vector3DValue(Vector3D(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)),

“MeanDirection”, DoubleValue(0.0),

“MeanPitch”, DoubleValue(0.0),

“NormalVelocity”, DoubleValue(0.1),

“NormalDirection”, DoubleValue(0.1),

“NormalPitch”, DoubleValue(0.1));

mobility.Install(underwaterNodes);

  1. Implement Applications for Sensor Data Transmission

From sensor nodes to the sink, replicate periodic data transmission using OnOffApplication or UdpEchoApplication. Every node can transmit packets occasionally to signify sensor data to the surface or other nodes.

Example with OnOffApplication:

OnOffHelper onOff(“ns3::UdpSocketFactory”, InetSocketAddress(interfaces.GetAddress(0), port));

onOff.SetAttribute(“DataRate”, StringValue(“5Kbps”));

onOff.SetAttribute(“PacketSize”, UintegerValue(512));

ApplicationContainer onOffApp = onOff.Install(underwaterNodes.Get(1));

onOffApp.Start(Seconds(2.0));

onOffApp.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

  1. Collect and Analyze Performance Metrics

Following is a crucial UWSN performance parameters:

  • Propagation Delay: Underwater acoustic networks contain high delays.
  • Packet Delivery Ratio: Estimate the reliability of interaction.
  • Energy Consumption: If application needs it then we replicate energy usage.
  • Throughput and Latency: Calculate the data rate and delays.

Use FlowMonitor for data collection:

FlowMonitorHelper flowmon;

Ptr<FlowMonitor> monitor = flowmon.InstallAll();

monitor->SerializeToXmlFile(“uwsn-flowmon.xml”, true, true);

  1. Visualize and Analyze Results
  • NetAnim: Envision the 3D positions and movements of nodes.
  • Trace Analysis: For detailed packet-level analysis, we can utilize NS3 trace files.
  • Graphing Tools: Transfer performance parameters examining the propagation delay, packet delivery ratio, and throughput.
  1. Experiment with Advanced UWSN Scenarios

After configuring the fundamentals, we attempt more difficult situations:

  • Multi-hop Communication: Replicate networks in which data is transmitted via several nodes attaining the sink.
  • Mobility Patterns: Utilize realistic underwater mobility patterns such as floating with currents.
  • Energy-Efficient Protocols: Execute the protocols minimizing energy usage since underwater nodes frequently contain restricted power.
  • Environmental Factors: Design variations within water conditions like temperature, salinity, which impacts the sound speed and path loss.

As illustrated above, we executed the 3D Underwater WSN Projects that were started and visualized the outcomes using NS3 environment through the offered procedure. Moreover, we will provide more insights related to this project in upcoming manual.

To start 3D Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN) project using NS3 tool we at phdprojects.org will give you novel research guidance and best research topic tailored to your interest.