How to Start Zone Protocol Projects Using NS3

To start zone-based routing protocols in NS3 those are frequently utilized in wireless networks, particularly in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs), to improve scalability by splitting the network to zones. A generally zone-based protocol instance is the Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP). But, NS3 haven’t a built-in execution for ZRP. To replicate the zone-based routing using NS3, we can estimate it by splitting the network to various logical zones and to execute customized routing behavior.

The following procedure will help you on how to start and simulate the ZRP-like project in NS3.

Steps to Start Zone Protocol Projects in NS3

  1. Install NS3

We follow below commands (assuming a Linux environment), if we haven’t installed NS3 on the system:

# Update system and install dependencies

sudo apt update

sudo apt install -y gcc g++ python3 python3-dev cmake libgsl-dev libsqlite3-dev

# Clone the NS-3 repository

git clone https://gitlab.com/nsnam/ns-3-dev.git ns-3

cd ns-3

# Configure and build NS-3

./ns3 configure –enable-examples –enable-tests

./ns3 build

  1. Create a New Script for Zone-Based Protocol Simulation

To make a ZRP-like zone-based protocol, we want generating zones, to configure nodes, and executing intrazone and interzone routing. Below is a simple outline to configure zones within NS3.

  1. In the NS3’s scratch directory, to make a new file like zone_protocol_simulation.cc.
  2. We can execute a simple zone-based replication using the following code in which zones are made depends on the geographical location or node proximity.

Basic Structure of zone_protocol_simulation.cc:

#include “ns3/core-module.h”

#include “ns3/network-module.h”

#include “ns3/internet-module.h”

#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”

#include “ns3/wifi-module.h”

#include “ns3/applications-module.h”

using namespace ns3;

NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE(“ZoneProtocolSimulation”);

class ZoneRoutingProtocol

{

public:

ZoneRoutingProtocol(NodeContainer nodes, double zoneRadius);

void CreateZones();

void IntrazoneRouting();

void InterzoneRouting();

private:

NodeContainer m_nodes;

double m_zoneRadius;

};

ZoneRoutingProtocol::ZoneRoutingProtocol(NodeContainer nodes, double zoneRadius)

: m_nodes(nodes), m_zoneRadius(zoneRadius) {}

void ZoneRoutingProtocol::CreateZones() {

// Define zones based on node positions and zoneRadius

NS_LOG_INFO(“Creating zones based on radius ” << m_zoneRadius << “…”);

// In a full implementation, this function would calculate zones based on node positions.

}

void ZoneRoutingProtocol::IntrazoneRouting() {

// Implement intrazone routing logic within each zone

NS_LOG_INFO(“Performing intrazone routing within each zone.”);

// In a full ZRP implementation, nodes within a zone would communicate directly.

}

void ZoneRoutingProtocol::InterzoneRouting() {

// Implement interzone routing logic between zones

NS_LOG_INFO(“Performing interzone routing between zones.”);

// This would typically involve boundary nodes or gateway nodes forwarding packets between zones.

}

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

// Enable logging

LogComponentEnable(“ZoneProtocolSimulation”, LOG_LEVEL_INFO);

// Create nodes for the MANET

NodeContainer nodes;

nodes.Create(15); // Example with 15 nodes

// Set up mobility for the nodes

MobilityHelper mobility;

mobility.SetPositionAllocator(“ns3::RandomRectanglePositionAllocator”,

“X”, StringValue(“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=0.0|Max=100.0]”),

“Y”, StringValue(“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=0.0|Max=100.0]”));

mobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel”);

mobility.Install(nodes);

// Configure WiFi for ad hoc network

WifiHelper wifi;

wifi.SetStandard(WIFI_STANDARD_80211b);

YansWifiPhyHelper wifiPhy = YansWifiPhyHelper::Default();

YansWifiChannelHelper wifiChannel = YansWifiChannelHelper::Default();

wifiPhy.SetChannel(wifiChannel.Create());

WifiMacHelper wifiMac;

wifiMac.SetType(“ns3::AdhocWifiMac”);

NetDeviceContainer devices = wifi.Install(wifiPhy, wifiMac, nodes);

// Install Internet stack

InternetStackHelper internet;

internet.Install(nodes);

// Assign IP addresses

Ipv4AddressHelper ipv4;

ipv4.SetBase(“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);

Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = ipv4.Assign(devices);

// Initialize Zone Routing Protocol with a given zone radius

double zoneRadius = 30.0; // Define zone radius based on network requirements

ZoneRoutingProtocol zrp(nodes, zoneRadius);

zrp.CreateZones();

// Schedule ZRP intrazone and interzone routing operations

Simulator::Schedule(Seconds(1.0), &ZoneRoutingProtocol::IntrazoneRouting, &zrp);

Simulator::Schedule(Seconds(2.0), &ZoneRoutingProtocol::InterzoneRouting, &zrp);

// Set up applications for testing ZRP

UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer(9);

ApplicationContainer serverApps = echoServer.Install(nodes.Get(0));

serverApps.Start(Seconds(1.0));

serverApps.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient(interfaces.GetAddress(0), 9);

echoClient.SetAttribute(“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue(2));

echoClient.SetAttribute(“Interval”, TimeValue(Seconds(1.0)));

echoClient.SetAttribute(“PacketSize”, UintegerValue(1024));

ApplicationContainer clientApps = echoClient.Install(nodes.Get(14));

clientApps.Start(Seconds(2.0));

clientApps.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

// Run the simulation

Simulator::Stop(Seconds(10.0));

Simulator::Run();

Simulator::Destroy();

return 0;

}

Explanation of the Code

  • Node Creation: In the ad hoc network, we make a collection of nodes (15 in this case), signifying devices.
  • Zone Definition (CreateZones): According to the offered zoneRadius, this function should split nodes to zones to utilize node locations finding which nodes are in the similar zone.
  • Intrazone Routing (IntrazoneRouting): This function manages the routing in each zone in which nodes within a zone directly interact without the help of interzone protocols.
  • Interzone Routing (InterzoneRouting): This function describes routing among the zones. Gateway nodes or boundary nodes transmit packets between the zones in ZRP.
  • WiFi Setup: In ad hoc mode, WiFi is set up to allow direct interaction among the nodes within each zone.
  • Scheduling Zone-Based Routing: Intrazone and interzone routing functions are programmed on various intervals, replicating regular protocol operation.
  1. Build and Run the Simulation
  1. In the NS3’s scratch directory, we can save a new file named zone_protocol_simulation.cc.
  2. Go to a terminal, pass through to the NS3 directory, and then make the script:

./ns3 build

  1. Run the simulation:

./ns3 run scratch/zone_protocol_simulation

  1. Analyze the Results

This simple configuration replicates the ZRP structure by splitting nodes to zones and to separately manage the intrazone and interzone routing. Certain nodes should actively make zones according to the neighborhood distances in actual ZRP executions, and for interzone routing, each zone should have selected boundary nodes.

Further Development Ideas

To extend on this replication:

  • Implement Actual Zone Discovery: Improve code to compute zones actively depends on the node distances.
  • Add Boundary Node Selection: Detect boundary or gateway nodes, which can be interacted including nodes within neighbouring zones.
  • Energy and Latency Metrics: Estimate the energy consumption and latency in and among zones using energy module of NS3 and to make aspects.
  • Implement Packet Forwarding Logic: Configure packet forwarding in which packets are routed in zones to utilize intrazone routing, and over zones through boundary nodes.

In the final, we had clearly offered the detailed process to configure and simulate the Zone Protocol projects with sample coding using NS3 simulation framework. We will also provide more detailed information that related to this project.

Explore phdprojects.org for additional assistance with your projects. We provide innovative ideas and topics for Zone Protocol Projects utilizing NS3, along with top-notch simulations for researchers. Our expertise lies in implementing Zone Routing Protocol, ensuring you receive thorough explanations from our developers. Allow our team to handle your project requirements for optimal outcomes.