How to Start Adaptive Routing Projects Using NS3

To start an Adaptive Routing project using NS3 that encompasses to replicate the network, According to the altering network conditions like traffic congestion, link failures or latency where the routing protocol adapts routes dynamically. Adaptive routing is a crucial feature of modern networks that frequently utilised within protocols, which is created for highly dynamic or large-scale environments. Drop us a message to guide you with best project ideas and novel topics on Adaptive Routing Projects using NS3 tool.

Below is a basic method to initiate the Adaptive Routing Projects using NS3:

Steps to Start Adaptive Routing Projects in NS3

  1. Understand Adaptive Routing

What is Adaptive Routing?

Adaptive routing modifies the paths packets obtain according to the conditions of real-time network. Crucial aspects like:

  • Congestion: Rerouting to permit the overburdened paths.
  • Failures: Redirecting nearby broken links or nodes.
  • QoS Requirements: To choose paths, observing the latency, bandwidth, or reliability criteria.

Examples of Adaptive Routing Protocols:

  • Dynamic Source Routing (DSR): It adapts routes within mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs).
  • AODV (Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector): In wireless networks, it responds to topology changes.
  • Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS): Utilizes labels, actively enhancing the routes.
  1. Set Up NS3

Install NS3:

  • Go to nsnam.org, we can download and install NS3.
  • Check installation:

./waf –run scratch/test-example

Required Modules:

  • internet: It is used for IP stack functionalities.
  • point-to-point, wifi, or csma: For making network topologies.
  • aodv, dsdv, or other routing protocols (as leveraging built-in protocols).
  1. Plan Your Adaptive Routing Simulation

Objectives:

  • We execute or replicate the adaptive routing within a network.
  • Experiment how the protocol modifies to:
    • Link failures.
    • Varying traffic conditions.
    • Dynamic topologies.

Example Topology:

  • A multi-hop network including traffic sources and sinks:

Node A ↔ Node B ↔ Node C ↔ Node D

↘       ↘       ↘

Node E ↔ Node F

Metrics to Evaluate:

  • Routing Convergence Time: We can estimate the duration adjusting to changes.
  • Routing Overhead: Compute more traffic generated for adaptation.
  • QoS Metrics: We need to calculate the parameters such as throughput, latency, jitter, and packet loss.
  1. Implement Adaptive Routing

Option 1: Custom Adaptive Routing Protocol

Implement the individual adaptive routing protocol by prolonging the Ipv4RoutingProtocol class of NS3.

Option 2: Use Existing Adaptive Protocols

Make use of existing adaptive protocols like AODV, DSDV, or DSR, and then change them if required in NS3.

4.1 Custom Adaptive Routing Protocol

Step 1: Define a Custom Routing Protocol Class

Prolong the Ipv4RoutingProtocol class and then execute the following:

  • Route discovery and maintenance.
  • Dynamic route adjustment logic.

Example Code:

#include “ns3/core-module.h”

#include “ns3/network-module.h”

#include “ns3/internet-module.h”

#include “ns3/point-to-point-module.h”

using namespace ns3;

class AdaptiveRoutingProtocol : public Ipv4RoutingProtocol {

public:

AdaptiveRoutingProtocol();

virtual ~AdaptiveRoutingProtocol();

void MonitorNetworkConditions();

void AdjustRoutes();

private:

std::map<uint32_t, uint32_t> m_routingTable; // Destination -> Next Hop

void DetectCongestion();

void HandleLinkFailure();

};

AdaptiveRoutingProtocol::AdaptiveRoutingProtocol() {}

AdaptiveRoutingProtocol::~AdaptiveRoutingProtocol() {}

void AdaptiveRoutingProtocol::MonitorNetworkConditions() {

// Periodically check network metrics (e.g., queue sizes, delays)

DetectCongestion();

Simulator::Schedule(Seconds(1.0), &AdaptiveRoutingProtocol::MonitorNetworkConditions, this);

}

void AdaptiveRoutingProtocol::DetectCongestion() {

// Detect congested links and update routing table

}

void AdaptiveRoutingProtocol::AdjustRoutes() {

// Compute new routes based on updated network conditions

HandleLinkFailure();

}

void AdaptiveRoutingProtocol::HandleLinkFailure() {

// Detect and handle link failures by rerouting

}

Step 2: Integrate the Protocol into the Simulation

In the simulation, we can insert the protocol to the nodes:

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

NodeContainer nodes;

nodes.Create(6);

PointToPointHelper p2p;

p2p.SetDeviceAttribute(“DataRate”, StringValue(“10Mbps”));

p2p.SetChannelAttribute(“Delay”, StringValue(“5ms”));

NetDeviceContainer devices = p2p.Install(nodes);

InternetStackHelper stack;

stack.Install(nodes);

Ptr<AdaptiveRoutingProtocol> adaptiveRouting = CreateObject<AdaptiveRoutingProtocol>();

nodes.Get(0)->AggregateObject(adaptiveRouting);

Simulator::Run();

Simulator::Destroy();

return 0;

}

4.2 Using Existing Adaptive Protocols

AODV (Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector)

AODV is reactive and actively adjusts to modifications. We can be utilized AODV like an adaptive routing protocol within NS3.

#include “ns3/aodv-module.h”

AodvHelper aodv;

InternetStackHelper stack;

stack.SetRoutingHelper(aodv);

stack.Install(nodes);

Traffic Generation for Testing:

We replicate the application traffic, estimating performance of adaptive routing.

OnOffHelper onOffHelper(“ns3::UdpSocketFactory”, InetSocketAddress(ipv4Addresses.GetAddress(1), 9));

onOffHelper.SetAttribute(“DataRate”, StringValue(“1Mbps”));

onOffHelper.SetAttribute(“PacketSize”, UintegerValue(512));

ApplicationContainer app = onOffHelper.Install(nodes.Get(0));

app.Start(Seconds(1.0));

app.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

  1. Simulate and Debug

Enable Logging:

export NS_LOG=AdaptiveRoutingProtocol=level_all:AodvRouting=level_all

./waf –run scratch/adaptive-routing

Inspect Routing Tables:

We want to print routing tables confirming the precise path selection:

Ptr<Ipv4> ipv4 = nodes.Get(0)->GetObject<Ipv4>();

ipv4->GetRoutingProtocol()->Print(std::cout);

Capture Packets with PCAP:

To utilize PCAP traces, we can examine traffic flows:

p2p.EnablePcapAll(“adaptive-routing”);

  1. Evaluate Performance

Metrics to Measure:

  • Routing Convergence Time: We can compute duration, changing to new conditions.
  • Overhead: More control traffic by reason of adaptations.
  • QoS Metrics: We measure the performance parameters such as throughput, delay, jitter, packet loss.

Use FlowMonitor:

FlowMonitorHelper flowMonitor;

Ptr<FlowMonitor> monitor = flowMonitor.InstallAll();

monitor->SerializeToXmlFile(“adaptive-routing-performance.xml”, true, true);

  1. Advanced Features
  • Dynamic Topologies:
    • Replicate dynamic networks to utilise mobility models:

MobilityHelper mobility;

mobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::RandomWaypointMobilityModel”);

mobility.Install(nodes);

  • Failure Recovery:
    • We can mimic link or node failures, analysing the rerouting mechanisms:

devices.Get(1)->SetReceiveErrorModel(errorModel);

  • Energy-Efficient Routing:
    • Now, we should integrate energy models to experiment the power-aware adaptive routing.
  1. Document and Visualize

Document Implementation:

  • Aims, procedure, and outcomes.

Visualize Results:

  • Envision the traffic flows to utilize NetAnim.

In this manual, we comprehensively presented the simple procedure that helps you to easily understand the concepts and simulation process on how to start and execute the Adaptive Routing projects and then estimate its performance using NS3 simulation tool. More details will be added based upon your requirements.