How to Start IPv4 Protocols Projects Using NS3

To start an IPv4 protocols project in NS3 which includes discovering and executing IPv4’s diverse features like routing, addressing, fragmentation, or custom extensions. Following is a comprehensive method to start an IPv4-focused project in NS3.

Steps to Start IPv4 Protocols Projects in NS3

1. Understand IPv4 in NS3

• Core IPv4 Features in NS3:
  • Addressing: We designate IP addresses to devices.
  • Routing: Static, dynamic, and global routing such as RIP, OSPF are utilised.
  • Packet handling: IPv4 manage the packet forwarding, fragmentation, and reassembly.
  • Protocol extensions: We prolong the custom headers or novel routing mechanisms.
• Common Projects:
  • To enhance the new IPv4 routing algorithms.
  • We measuring the performance including various routing protocols.
  • To execute custom IPv4 headers or aspects.

2. Set Up NS3

• Install NS3:
  • From nsnam.org, we can download and install NS3.
• Verify installation:

./waf –run scratch/test-example

• Modules to Use:
  • internet: It supports for IPv4 stack and routing.
  • point-to-point: For wired connections.
  • csma or wifi: These modules are utilized for wired or wireless networks.

3. Plan Your IPv4 Project

• Project Scope:
  • Routing Protocols: We test with static, dynamic, or custom routing.
  • IPv4 Packet Handling: Focus on the packet handling, fragmentation, MTU, or custom headers.
  • Performance Analysis: We measure the performance indicators such as throughput, delay, or packet loss.
• Simulation Topology:
  • We need to utilize simple or complex topologies such as star, mesh, or hierarchical networks.
• Metrics to Measure:
  • Now, we assess the performance parameters like end-to-end latency, routing overhead, packet delivery ratio.

4. Write a Basic IPv4 Simulation

• Example: Static Routing with IPv4

#include “ns3/core-module.h”

#include “ns3/network-module.h”

#include “ns3/internet-module.h”

#include “ns3/point-to-point-module.h”

#include “ns3/applications-module.h”

using namespace ns3;

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

// Create nodes

NodeContainer nodes;

nodes.Create(4); // 4 nodes in the network

// Create point-to-point links

PointToPointHelper p2p;

p2p.SetDeviceAttribute(“DataRate”, StringValue(“10Mbps”));

p2p.SetChannelAttribute(“Delay”, StringValue(“5ms”));

NetDeviceContainer devices1 = p2p.Install(nodes.Get(0), nodes.Get(1));

NetDeviceContainer devices2 = p2p.Install(nodes.Get(1), nodes.Get(2));

NetDeviceContainer devices3 = p2p.Install(nodes.Get(2), nodes.Get(3));

// Install Internet stack

InternetStackHelper stack;

stack.Install(nodes);

// Assign IP addresses

Ipv4AddressHelper ipv4;

ipv4.SetBase(“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);

ipv4.Assign(devices1);

ipv4.SetBase(“10.1.2.0”, “255.255.255.0”);

ipv4.Assign(devices2);

ipv4.SetBase(“10.1.3.0”, “255.255.255.0”);

ipv4.Assign(devices3);

// Configure static routing

Ptr<Ipv4StaticRouting> staticRouting = Ipv4RoutingHelper::GetRouting<Ipv4StaticRouting>(nodes.Get(0)->GetObject<Ipv4>());

staticRouting->AddHostRouteTo(Ipv4Address(“10.1.3.1”), Ipv4Address(“10.1.1.2”), 1);

// Create a UDP Echo Server on the last node

uint16_t port = 9;

UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer(port);

ApplicationContainer serverApps = echoServer.Install(nodes.Get(3));

serverApps.Start(Seconds(1.0));

serverApps.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

// Create a UDP Echo Client on the first node

UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient(Ipv4Address(“10.1.3.1”), port);

echoClient.SetAttribute(“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue(5));

echoClient.SetAttribute(“Interval”, TimeValue(Seconds(1.0)));

echoClient.SetAttribute(“PacketSize”, UintegerValue(1024));

ApplicationContainer clientApps = echoClient.Install(nodes.Get(0));

clientApps.Start(Seconds(2.0));

clientApps.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

// Enable pcap tracing

p2p.EnablePcapAll(“ipv4-project”);

Simulator::Run();

Simulator::Destroy();

return 0;

}

5. Customize IPv4 Protocol Logic

• Custom Routing Protocol:
  • Prolong the Ipv4RoutingProtocol class.
  • Make ineffective techniques such as:
    • RouteInput() It is used for incoming packets.
    • RouteOutput() for outgoing packets.
  • Example: We execute the load balancing by delivering traffic over several paths.
• Fragmentation and MTU:
  • Test with packet fragmentation by changing the MTU sizes.
  • Allow and learn about packet reassembly.

6. Test and Debug

• Enable Logging:

export NS_LOG=Ipv4RoutingProtocol=level_all

./waf –run scratch/ipv4-project

• Use Wireshark:
  • Examine PCAP files to focus on the IPv4 headers, fragmentation, and routing.
• Print Routing Tables:
  • Confirm route accuracy to utilize the routing tables:

Ptr<Ipv4> ipv4 = nodes.Get(0)->GetObject<Ipv4>();

ipv4->GetRoutingProtocol()->Print(std::cout);

7. Evaluate Performance

• Metrics to Measure:
  • We require estimating the performance indicators such as end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio, bandwidth utilization and routing overhead.
• Use FlowMonitor:

FlowMonitorHelper flowMonitor;

Ptr<FlowMonitor> monitor = flowMonitor.InstallAll();

8. Advanced Features

• Dynamic Routing:
  • Execute or replicate the dynamic routing protocols such as OSPF, BGP.
• QoS Extensions:
  • Insert Quality of Service (QoS) aspects to give precedence traffic.
• IPv4 Security:
  • Test with secure routing or IP header verification.
• IPv4 to IPv6 Transition:
  • To replicate the dual-stack environments and then we learn compatibility of IPv4-to-IPv6.

Through this guide, we had presented the detailed step-by-step method to initiate and implement the IPv4 Protocols Projects using NS3 simulation environment. If you need further information regarding to this topic, we will send it too.

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