How to Start Physical Layer Projects Using NS3

To create the Physical Layer (PHY) in NS3 is responsible for replicating the transmission and reception for signals over a communication medium. Its design the characterize such as modulation, channel characteristics, interference, and error rates. This layer is vital for wireless networks, optical networks, and wired communication systems.

Steps to Start Physical Layer Projects Using NS3

  1. Understand Physical Layer Projects
  • Key Features to Explore in PHY:
    • Modulation and Coding: we modulations and coding for the BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, etc.
    • Channel Models: The channel models for Free-space, urban, multipath, etc.
    • Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and Bit Error Rate (BER).
    • Interference and Noise modelling.
    • Antenna Configurations: For Directional, omnidirectional, MIMO.
  • Applications:
    • The Wireless communication protocols such as WiFi, LTE, 5G.
    • The modulation of Performance evaluation and coding schemes.
    • We analysis the capacity for Channel modelling.
  1. Set Up NS3
  1. Install NS3:

sudo apt update

sudo apt install g++ python3 git cmake

git clone https://gitlab.com/nsnam/ns-3-dev.git

cd ns-3-dev

./waf configure

./waf build

  1. Verify Installation:

./waf –run scratch/my-first

  1. Plan Your PHY Layer Simulation
  1. Choose a Communication Standard:
    • They choose the WiFi, LTE, 5G, or a custom implementation.
  2. Define Modulation and Channel Characteristics:
    • Research with multiple modulation schemes and channel models.
  3. Analyse Metrics:
    • Estimate the parameter metrics like throughput, BER, SNR, and latency.
  1. Example: WiFi PHY Layer Simulation

Below is an example of a basic WiFi PHY simulation with different modulation schemes.

#include “ns3/core-module.h”

#include “ns3/network-module.h”

#include “ns3/wifi-module.h”

#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”

#include “ns3/internet-module.h”

#include “ns3/applications-module.h”

using namespace ns3;

int main() {

// Enable logging

LogComponentEnable(“PhyLayerExample”, LOG_LEVEL_INFO);

// Create nodes

NodeContainer wifiStaNodes;

wifiStaNodes.Create(2); // Create two stations

NodeContainer wifiApNode;

wifiApNode.Create(1); // Create one access point

// Set up WiFi PHY and MAC

YansWifiChannelHelper channel = YansWifiChannelHelper::Default();

YansWifiPhyHelper phy = YansWifiPhyHelper::Default();

phy.SetChannel(channel.Create());

WifiHelper wifi;

wifi.SetStandard(WIFI_STANDARD_80211ac); // Use WiFi 802.11ac

wifi.SetRemoteStationManager(“ns3::ConstantRateWifiManager”,

“DataMode”, StringValue(“VhtMcs9”), // Modulation: VHT MCS 9

“ControlMode”, StringValue(“VhtMcs0”));

// Configure MAC

WifiMacHelper mac;

Ssid ssid = Ssid(“ns3-80211”);

mac.SetType(“ns3::StaWifiMac”, “Ssid”, SsidValue(ssid));

NetDeviceContainer staDevices = wifi.Install(phy, mac, wifiStaNodes);

mac.SetType(“ns3::ApWifiMac”, “Ssid”, SsidValue(ssid));

NetDeviceContainer apDevices = wifi.Install(phy, mac, wifiApNode);

// Set mobility

MobilityHelper mobility;

mobility.SetPositionAllocator(“ns3::GridPositionAllocator”,

“MinX”, DoubleValue(0.0),

“MinY”, DoubleValue(0.0),

“DeltaX”, DoubleValue(5.0),

“DeltaY”, DoubleValue(5.0),

“GridWidth”, UintegerValue(3),

“LayoutType”, StringValue(“RowFirst”));

mobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel”);

mobility.Install(wifiStaNodes);

mobility.Install(wifiApNode);

// Install Internet stack

InternetStackHelper stack;

stack.Install(wifiStaNodes);

stack.Install(wifiApNode);

// Assign IP addresses

Ipv4AddressHelper address;

address.SetBase(“192.168.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);

address.Assign(staDevices);

address.Assign(apDevices);

// Create traffic applications

UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer(9);

ApplicationContainer serverApp = echoServer.Install(wifiApNode.Get(0));

serverApp.Start(Seconds(1.0));

serverApp.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient(Ipv4Address(“192.168.1.1”), 9);

echoClient.SetAttribute(“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue(5));

echoClient.SetAttribute(“Interval”, TimeValue(Seconds(1.0)));

echoClient.SetAttribute(“PacketSize”, UintegerValue(1024));

ApplicationContainer clientApp = echoClient.Install(wifiStaNodes.Get(0));

clientApp.Start(Seconds(2.0));

clientApp.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

// Run simulation

Simulator::Run();

Simulator::Destroy();

return 0;

}

  1. Advanced PHY Features

Modulation and Coding

To Modify the modulation scheme:

wifi.SetRemoteStationManager(“ns3::ConstantRateWifiManager”,

“DataMode”, StringValue(“HtMcs7”),

“ControlMode”, StringValue(“HtMcs0”));

Channel Models

We utilized the custom channel models:

channel.AddPropagationLoss(“ns3::LogDistancePropagationLossModel”,

“Exponent”, DoubleValue(3.0));

channel.SetPropagationDelay(“ns3::ConstantSpeedPropagationDelayModel”);

Antenna Configurations

We replicate the multiple antenna types:

phy.Set(“AntennaModel”, StringValue(“ns3::IsotropicAntennaModel”));

  1. Testing and Debugging
  1. Enable Logging:

NS_LOG=”PhyLayerExample” ./waf –run phy-layer

  1. Packet Tracing: Enable .pcap tracing to analyze packet-level interactions:

phy.EnablePcap(“phy-layer”, apDevices.Get(0));

  1. Visualize Simulation: Utilized the NetAnim to envision their packet exchanges and node positions.

Finally, we had successfully delivered the significant procedures to simulate the Physical layer in NS3 tool and also, we deliver the sample snippets and their explanation. More information regarding Physical layer will be shared in upcoming manual.

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