How to Start Line Topology Projects Using NS3

Starting a Line Topology Project in NS-3

To create the Line Topology is a network setting in which nodes are linked consecutively in a straight line. Every node is connected to precisely two neighbours excepting the nodes at the ends of the line that are connected only one neighbour.

Steps to Start Line Topology Projects Using NS3

Step 1: Set Up NS-3

  1. Install NS-3:
    • Download NS-3.
    • Follow the installation instructions.
  2. Verify Installation: Test your setup with a sample script:

./waf –run scratch/my_first

Step 2: Understand Line Topology

  • Line Topology:
    • Every node is connected to immediate neighbour.
    • The data flows for consecutively by the line.
    • Utilized the environment such as chained switches or linear sensor networks.

Step 3: Plan the Topology

  1. Decide the number of nodes:
    • For Sample, a line topology by 5 nodes.
  2. Set simulation goals:
    • Calculate the throughput, latency, and packet loss.
    • Replicate the data flow between end nodes.

Step 4: Set Up the Line Topology

  1. Create Nodes: Describe the nodes in the topology.

NodeContainer nodes;

uint32_t numNodes = 5; // Number of nodes in the line

nodes.Create(numNodes);

  1. Set Up Point-to-Point Links: Utilized their PointToPointHelper we state the properties of the connections.

PointToPointHelper p2p;

p2p.SetDeviceAttribute(“DataRate”, StringValue(“10Mbps”));

p2p.SetChannelAttribute(“Delay”, StringValue(“2ms”));

  1. Connect Nodes Sequentially: Build a linear connection among nodes.

NetDeviceContainer devices;

for (uint32_t i = 0; i < numNodes – 1; ++i) {

NetDeviceContainer link = p2p.Install(nodes.Get(i), nodes.Get(i + 1));

devices.Add(link);

}

  1. Install Internet Stack: Enhance the Internet stack to overall nodes.

InternetStackHelper stack;

stack.Install(nodes);

  1. Assign IP Addresses: Allocate the unique IP addresses to every connections.

Ipv4AddressHelper address;

for (uint32_t i = 0; i < numNodes – 1; ++i) {

std::ostringstream subnet;

subnet << “10.1.” << i + 1 << “.0”;

address.SetBase(subnet.str().c_str(), “255.255.255.0”);

address.Assign(devices.Get(i));

}

Step 5: Set Up Applications

  1. Server Application: Dwelling a UDP echo server on one end node.

UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer(9); // Port 9

ApplicationContainer serverApp = echoServer.Install(nodes.Get(numNodes – 1)); // Last node as server

serverApp.Start(Seconds(1.0));

serverApp.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

  1. Client Applications: Install UDP echo clients on the other end node to communicate with the server.

UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient(Ipv4Address(“10.1.1.1”), 9); // Server’s IP

echoClient.SetAttribute(“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue(10));

echoClient.SetAttribute(“Interval”, TimeValue(Seconds(1.0)));

echoClient.SetAttribute(“PacketSize”, UintegerValue(1024));

ApplicationContainer clientApp = echoClient.Install(nodes.Get(0)); // First node as client

clientApp.Start(Seconds(2.0));

clientApp.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

Step 6: Run and Analyze

  1. Run the Simulation:

Simulator::Run();

Simulator::Destroy();

  1. Enable Packet Capture: Save .pcap files for traffic analysis.

p2p.EnablePcapAll(“line_topology”);

  1. Trace Logs: Ensure the logging for debugging:

export NS_LOG=”UdpEchoClientApplication=level_all|prefix_func”

./waf –run scratch/line_topology

Example: Minimal NS-3 Script for Line Topology

#include “ns3/core-module.h”

#include “ns3/network-module.h”

#include “ns3/internet-module.h”

#include “ns3/point-to-point-module.h”

#include “ns3/applications-module.h”

using namespace ns3;

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

uint32_t numNodes = 5;

// Create nodes

NodeContainer nodes;

nodes.Create(numNodes);

// Set up Point-to-Point links

PointToPointHelper p2p;

p2p.SetDeviceAttribute(“DataRate”, StringValue(“10Mbps”));

p2p.SetChannelAttribute(“Delay”, StringValue(“2ms”));

// Connect nodes in a line

NetDeviceContainer devices;

for (uint32_t i = 0; i < numNodes – 1; ++i) {

NetDeviceContainer link = p2p.Install(nodes.Get(i), nodes.Get(i + 1));

devices.Add(link);

}

// Install Internet stack

InternetStackHelper stack;

stack.Install(nodes);

// Assign IP addresses

Ipv4AddressHelper address;

for (uint32_t i = 0; i < numNodes – 1; ++i) {

std::ostringstream subnet;

subnet << “10.1.” << i + 1 << “.0”;

address.SetBase(subnet.str().c_str(), “255.255.255.0”);

address.Assign(devices.Get(i));

}

// Set up UDP echo server on the last node

UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer(9);

ApplicationContainer serverApp = echoServer.Install(nodes.Get(numNodes – 1));

serverApp.Start(Seconds(1.0));

serverApp.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

// Set up UDP echo client on the first node

UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient(Ipv4Address(“10.1.1.1”), 9);

echoClient.SetAttribute(“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue(10));

echoClient.SetAttribute(“Interval”, TimeValue(Seconds(1.0)));

echoClient.SetAttribute(“PacketSize”, UintegerValue(1024));

ApplicationContainer clientApp = echoClient.Install(nodes.Get(0));

clientApp.Start(Seconds(2.0));

clientApp.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

// Enable packet capture

p2p.EnablePcapAll(“line_topology”);

// Run the simulation

Simulator::Run();

Simulator::Destroy();

return 0;

}

Step 7: Compile and Run

  1. Save the script as line_topology.cc.
  2. We Compile and run it:

./waf –run line_topology

Step 8: Enhance the Simulation

  • Experiment with Traffic Models:
    • Utilized their TCP instead of UDP.
    • Replicate the other congestion kinds such as FTP or HTTP.
  • Analyze Performance:
    • Calculate the parameter metrics such as throughput, delay, jitter, and packet loss.
  • Simulate Failures:
    • Unconnected the intermediate nodes or connections we examine the effect.
  • Visualize:
    • Utilized their NetAnim we show the line topology and traffic flow.

Next Steps

  • Scale Up:
    • Enhance the more nodes to the line.
  • Compare:
    • Compared the line topology by other topologies such as star or ring.
  • Test Protocols:
    • Execute the routing protocols we maintain the dynamic transmission in larger networks.

We can completely concentrate on how to implement the Line Topology projects in the network with the help of NS3 by essential the topology into the simulation. You can refer the instances and snippet codes for references.

At phdprojects.org, we’re ready to help you kick off your Line Topology Projects with NS3, providing you with personalized support whenever you need it. We specialize in offering advice on Point-to-Point Links that are customized to fit your research needs. Reach out to us at phdprojects.org for research guidance and a quick overview. We offer detailed, step-by-step instructions for your research, so you can count on us for fresh and relevant topics.