How to Start TORA Protocol Projects Using OMNeT++

To start a Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) project in OMNeT++, we follow structured approach:

Steps to Start TORA Protocol Projects in OMNeT++

  1. Understand TORA Basics
  • What is TORA?
    • TORA is highly adaptive and loop-free routing protocols that are intended for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs).
    • It employs a link reversal mechanism to start, sustain and remove routes.
  • Key Features:
    • It offers many routes to a destination.
    • This protocol functions within three phases like:
      1. Route Creation
      2. Route Maintenance
      3. Route Erasure
    • It is appropriate for highly dynamic networks including often topology changes.
  1. Set Up OMNeT++
  • Download and Install OMNeT++:
    • We should install and download the new version of OMNeT++ on the system.
  • Install INET Framework:
    • The INET framework is vital for network simulations.
    • We adhere to the installation instruction of INET from the INET website.
  1. Plan Your TORA Simulation
  • Define Objectives:
    • In dynamic MANET scenarios, we need to mimic TORA.
    • Examine the performance parameters such as:
      • Routing overhead.
      • End-to-end delay.
      • Packet delivery ratio.
    • Equate the TORA with other protocols like AODV or DSR.
  • Design a Topology:
    • Make use of a mobile network including nodes to transmit arbitrarily or in patterns.
    • Make scenarios including often frequent topology analysing the flexibility of TORA.
  1. Create a New OMNeT++ Project
  • Steps:
    1. Go to OMNeT++ IDE.
    2. Make a new project using File > New > OMNeT++ Project.
    3. Then, name it to the project like TORA_Simulation.
  1. Add TORA Functionality
  • Modify Existing Protocols:
    • Begin with existing reactive protocols such as AODV or DSR within the INET framework.
    • Change its functionality to execute the link reversal logic of TORA.
  • Develop Custom Modules:
    • We need to execute the following TORA phases:
      • Route Creation:
        • Allocate a height metric to nodes.
        • Determine routes by broadcasting a query message.
      • Route Maintenance:
        • Fine-tune routes dynamically to utilise link reversal as topology changes.
      • Route Erasure:
        • Once routes turn into invalid then transmit a route error (RERR) message.
    • Manage the 3 key message types:
  1. Query (QRY)
  2. Update (UPD)
  3. Clear (CLR)
  4. Define the Simulation Environment
  • Network Configuration:
    • Make a .ned file, designing the network topology. For instance:

network TORANetwork

{

submodules:

node[20]: ToraNode;

connections:

// Wireless connections

}

  • Node Configuration:
    • Describe a ToraNode module with mobility, wireless interaction, and TORA routing.
  • Simulation Parameters:
    • Set the omnetpp.ini file including:
      • Mobility patterns like Random Waypoint model.
      • Network size.
      • Packet generation rates.
  1. Implement TORA Logic
  • Route Creation:
    • Execute a height-based metric for nodes.
    • Determine routes by broadcasting a QRY message.
  • Route Maintenance:
    • Make use of link reversal to dynamically sustain the routes.
    • Modernize routes once links break or new links are found.
  • Route Erasure:
    • Utilise CLR messages to erase the invalid paths.
    • Gracefully manage the network partition scenarios.
  • Simulation Models:
    • Mimic TORA’s route creation and maintenance processes to utilise the event-driven model of OMNeT++.
  1. Run Simulations
  • Compile the Project:
    • In the OMNeT++ IDE, create the project to make sure that they have no errors.
  • Execute Simulations:
    • Execute the simulation and also observe the TORA protocol operating.
  • Log Metrics:
    • Log parameters to utilise OMNeT++’s vector and scalar analysis tools:
      • Routing overhead.
      • Packet delivery ratio.
      • Route convergence time.
  1. Visualize and Debug
  • Leverage the OMNeT++ simulation interface:
    • To envision node communications and message flows.
    • Debugging routing problems to monitor the QRY, UPD, and CLR messages behavior.
  1. Analyze Results
  • Calculate the performance of  TORA in diverse scenarios:
    • Small vs. large network sizes.
    • Static vs. mobile nodes.
  • Equate with other routing protocols to emphasize strengths and weaknesses of TORA.
  1. Optimize and Experiment
  • Adjust Parameters:
    • Test with TORA-specific metrics such as:
      • Network mobility patterns.
      • Node density.
    • Enhance the performance by modifying these metrics.
  • Introduce Faults:
    • Replicate the link failures or high mobility to experiment robustness of TORA.
  1. Document Your Project
  • It offers comprehensive insights of:
    • Objectives and approaches.
    • Network topology and simulation metrics.
    • Observations and outcomes.
    • Analysis of TORA’s efficiency in various scenarios.
  1. Extensions
  • Integrate the improvements to TORA:
    • Security mechanisms to defend versus attacks like route falsification.
    • Energy-aware routing.
  • Discover hybrid protocols to incorporate TORA including other routing methods.

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