How to Start Interior Gateway Routing Protocol Using OMNeT++
To start an Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) in OMNeT++, we want to replicate or execute the protocols’ behaviour within a network environment. EIGRP is an advanced distance-vector routing protocol is generally utilised within large IP networks that employs a Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL) estimating optimal route to a destination. Below is a sequential method to get started with EIGRP using OMNeT++.
Steps to Start EIGRP Projects in OMNeT++
- Set Up OMNeT++ Environment
Download and Install OMNeT++:
- We should download OMNeT++ environment on the system.
- Adhere to the installation guidance based on the operating system.
Install INET Framework:
- INET Framework offers a collection of predefined modules with routing protocols for network simulations. We want to make simulation.
- Go to INET GitHub repository to download the INET framework.
- Then, we follow the guidance to execute and connect the INET with OMNeT++.
- Understand EIGRP Protocol Basics
EIGRP is an advanced distance-vector routing protocol, which integrates the benefits of both distance-vector and link-state protocols. Following is EIGRP crucial aspects:
- DUAL (Diffusing Update Algorithm): A main aspect of EIGRP, which permits it to compute the finest route rapidly to a destination and respond to network changes.
- Metric Calculation: EIGRP employs a metric, which integrate the bandwidth, delay, load, and reliability.
- Neighbor Discovery and Communication: EIGRP routers determine the each other by swapping hello packets and also sustain adjacency data.
- Reliable Transport: EIGRP offers routing data reliable transport to utilise reliable multicast and unicast mechanisms.
OMNeT++ doesn’t support EIGRP’s an advanced execution thus we will require to either:
- Execute the EIGRP from scratch, or
- Prolong existing protocols such as RIP or OSPF, replicating the behavior of EIGRP.
- Create a New OMNeT++ Project
- Create the Project:
- Go to OMNeT++ IDE and select File > New > OMNeT++ Project.
- Name it to the project as EIGRPProject.
- Link to INET Framework:
- Right-click the project, choose Properties > Project References, and go to INET connecting the INET project.
- Define Network Topology
We want to make a network topology, which includes several routers (each running EIGRP) that are associated to each other to replicate EIGRP.
Example NED File for Network Topology:
network EIGRPNetwork {
submodules:
router1: Router {
@display(“p=100,100”);
}
router2: Router {
@display(“p=200,100”);
}
router3: Router {
@display(“p=300,100”);
}
router4: Router {
@display(“p=400,100”);
}
connections allowunconnected:
router1.pppg++ <–> router2.pppg++;
router2.pppg++ <–> router3.pppg++;
router3.pppg++ <–> router4.pppg++;
}
This specifies a basic network containing 4 routers that are linked within a chain. Depends on the simulation needs, we can make more complex topologies.
- Implement or Extend EIGRP
While OMNeT++ doesn’t directly support for EIGRP then we have two options such as:
- Execute the EIGRP from scratch, or
- Prolong an existing routing protocol such as RIP or OSPF replicating the behaviour of EIGRP.
Implementing EIGRP from Scratch:
We will prolong the OMNeT++’s cSimpleModule class, executing EIGRP’s essential functions.
Following steps for executing the EIGRP‘s basic aspects:
- Initialize Routing Table: Make a routing table within each router to save routes and parameters.
- Neighbor Discovery: Determine the neighbors with the support of EIGRP Hello packets. This method is same to how OSPF and RIP find the adjacent routers.
- Exchange Routing Information: Swap routing data periodically to utilise update packets of EIGRP.
- DUAL Algorithm: Execute the Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL), computing optimal route. It contains to sustain Successor (best route) and Feasible Successor (backup route).
- Reliable Transport: Transmit the updates to neighbors utilising reliable multicast/unicast, to make sure that packets are distributed reliably.
We will make custom modules or prolong the existing modules. Here’s an advanced outline of a custom EIGRPRouter class, which might be utilised, managing the EIGRP operations:
class EIGRPRouter : public cSimpleModule {
protected:
// Routing table
std::map<int, Route> routingTable;
virtual void initialize() {
// Initialize the routing table and set up EIGRP timers
}
virtual void handleMessage(cMessage *msg) {
if (msg->getKind() == EIGRP_HELLO_PACKET) {
processHelloPacket(msg);
} else if (msg->getKind() == EIGRP_UPDATE_PACKET) {
processUpdatePacket(msg);
}
}
void processHelloPacket(cMessage *msg) {
// Handle the Hello packet to discover neighbors
}
void processUpdatePacket(cMessage *msg) {
// Process EIGRP update packets, update the routing table
}
void sendEIGRPUpdate() {
// Send an EIGRP update to neighbors
}
void applyDUAL() {
// Implement the Diffusing Update Algorithm to calculate best routes
}
virtual void finish() {
// Clean up resources, output results, etc.
}
};
Extending an Existing Routing Protocol (like RIP or OSPF):
If we are prolonging an existing protocol then we can:
- Change the RIP or OSPF module to assist EIGRP-specific operations.
- Integrate the EIGRP-specific message types like Hello and Update packets.
- For computing the optimal path, execute the DUAL algorithm.
- Configure Simulation Parameters
We want to set the simulation using omnetpp.ini file. For example, define the routing protocols and metrics for EIGRP, and the network topology.
Example Configuration in omnetpp.ini:
network = EIGRPNetwork
sim-time-limit = 100s
# Set the routing protocol for all routers
*.router1.routingProtocol = “EIGRPRouter”
*.router2.routingProtocol = “EIGRPRouter”
*.router3.routingProtocol = “EIGRPRouter”
*.router4.routingProtocol = “EIGRPRouter”
# Set the timers for EIGRP Hello and Update messages
*.router1.helloInterval = 5s
*.router1.updateInterval = 30s
*.router2.helloInterval = 5s
*.router2.updateInterval = 30s
# Enable debug logs for EIGRP packet processing
*.router1.debug = true
*.router2.debug = true
In this set up, each router is applying the EIGRPRouter module then for EIGRP, we delineate the Hello interval and Update interval.
- Run the Simulation
After configuring the topology, to execute EIGRP, and set the metrics then we can execute the simulation:
- In the OMNeT++ IDE, execute the simulation with the help of Qtenv or Tkenv.
- Envision the network, monitoring how EIGRP routers determine the neighbors, swap routing data, and modernize its routing tables.
Debugging and Monitoring:
- For certain router modules, permit the debug logs monitoring how EIGRP Hello and Update messages are swapped.
- We need to observe the routing table updates and confirm the path selection to utilize DUAL.
- Analyze the Results
When the simulation is accomplished then we examine the below parameters such as:
- Routing Table Updates: Estimate how frequently routing table updates happen.
- Convergence Time: We have to compute how rapidly the network meets once topology changes happen.
- Routing Overhead: Monitor the volume of packets that are transmitted/received (Hello packets, update packets).
- Path Selection: We track how EIGRP selects the optimal route to utilise the DUAL algorithm.
- Extend the Project
When the EIGRP’s basic functionality is functioning then we can be prolonged the project with the following:
- Multiple Network Topologies: Experiment with larger and more complex topologies.
- MPLS Integration: Combine EIGRP including MPLS for traffic engineering.
- QoS and Traffic Engineering: We execute the EIGRP-based QoS and traffic engineering by changing the metric computations and in metric function, inserting aspects such Bandwidth, Delay, and Reliability.
- Documentation and Reporting
It offers valuable insights for project and findings:
- Describe the EIGRP protocol and how it is executed within OMNeT++.
- Define the network topology that is used within the simulation.
- Indicate the outcomes using graphs for routing updates.
In this project, we can discover more details on EIGRP projects, which were implemented and examined using this simple procedure within OMNeT++ environment. Likewise, we will present advanced approach on this topic as needed.
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