How to Start Birthday Attack Projects Using NS3

To start birthday attack in NS3 which is a cryptographic technique utilized to determine the collisions within hash functions or using probability-based weaknesses within security protocols. To replicate a birthday attack encompasses to make a network situation in which malicious nodes try to use collision probabilities that frequently aiming the cryptographic or authentication mechanisms in NS3.

Given below is a detailed instruction to replicate a birthday attack in NS3:

Steps to Start Birthday Attack Projects in NS3

  1. Understand Birthday Attacks
  • Definition:
    • A birthday attack depends on the collisions (two inputs to deliver the similar hash value) probability within hash functions.
  • Application in Networking:
    • Make use of authentication protocols or message integrity checks to utilize hash collisions.
    • It is used in concede shared secrets or certificates.
  1. Define the Birthday Attack Use Case
  • Example Use Case:
    • Hash Collision: A malicious node makes several messages determining a collision including target hash.
    • Certificate Spoofing: To utilize a hash collision counterfeiting a digital certificate.
  • Target: A network in which nodes interact to utilize hash-based authentication.
  1. Set Up NS3

We should install and build NS3 on the system to use following command:

./waf configure

./waf build

  • Confirm the installation:

./waf –run hello-simulator

  1. Define the Network Topology
  • Network Setup:
    • Legitimate Nodes: Utilize hash-based authentication to interact.
    • Attacker Node: It makes messages determining a hash collision.
  • Example Topology:

NodeContainer clientNode, serverNode, attackerNode;

clientNode.Create(1);    // Legitimate client

serverNode.Create(1);    // Server

attackerNode.Create(1);  // Malicious attacker

PointToPointHelper p2p;

p2p.SetDeviceAttribute(“DataRate”, StringValue(“10Mbps”));

p2p.SetChannelAttribute(“Delay”, StringValue(“2ms”));

// Connect nodes

NetDeviceContainer devices1 = p2p.Install(NodeContainer(clientNode.Get(0), serverNode.Get(0)));

NetDeviceContainer devices2 = p2p.Install(NodeContainer(attackerNode.Get(0), serverNode.Get(0)));

  1. Assign IP Addresses
  • We can install the Internet stack and then allocate IP addresses.

InternetStackHelper stack;

stack.Install(clientNode);

stack.Install(serverNode);

stack.Install(attackerNode);

Ipv4AddressHelper address;

address.SetBase(“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);

address.Assign(devices1);

address.SetBase(“10.1.2.0”, “255.255.255.0”);

address.Assign(devices2);

  1. Simulate Legitimate Communication
  • Make utilize of hash-based authentication to insert traffic among the client and the server.

void LegitimateCommunication() {

// Example: Client sends a message with a hash to the server

std::string message = “Hello, Server!”;

std::string hash = GenerateHash(message);  // Placeholder for hash function

NS_LOG_UNCOND(“Client sends message: ” << message << ” with hash: ” << hash);

}

  1. Simulate the Birthday Attack
  • The attacker creates messages determining a hash collision.

7.1 Hash Collision Generation

  • We need to replicate the attacker to make several messages:

void BirthdayAttack(Ptr<Node> attacker) {

std::string targetHash = “12345abcd”;  // Target hash to match

bool collisionFound = false;

for (int i = 0; i < 100000; ++i) {

std::string maliciousMessage = “Message ” + std::to_string(i);

std::string generatedHash = GenerateHash(maliciousMessage);

if (generatedHash == targetHash) {

collisionFound = true;

NS_LOG_UNCOND(“Collision found! Malicious message: ” << maliciousMessage);

break;

}

}

if (!collisionFound) {

NS_LOG_UNCOND(“No collision found within the limit.”);

}

}

Simulator::Schedule(Seconds(3.0), &BirthdayAttack, attackerNode.Get(0));

7.2 Spoofed Communication

  • It transmits the spoofed message including the suitable hash:

void SendSpoofedMessage(Ptr<Node> attacker, std::string spoofedMessage, std::string spoofedHash) {

NS_LOG_UNCOND(“Attacker sends spoofed message: ” << spoofedMessage << ” with hash: ” << spoofedHash);

// Implement packet transmission logic

}

  1. Enable Packet Tracing
  • Seize and then examine the packets to utilize PCAP tracing.

PointToPointHelper p2p;

p2p.EnablePcapAll(“birthday-attack”);

  1. Run the Simulation
  • Now, we can compile and run the simulation:

./waf –run birthday-attack

  1. Analyze the Attack
  • For collision detection and spoofed communication, we need to confirm logs:
    • Check if the attacker well determined a collision.
  • Go to the .pcap file within Wireshark:

wireshark birthday-attack-0-0.pcap

  • We examine the packet payloads for spoofed messages.
  1. Implement Mitigation
  • Stronger Hash Functions:
    • We utilize a cryptographic hash function including a large output size like SHA-256.
  • Nonces:
    • Insert nonces to messages avoiding the precomputed attacks.
  • Rate Limiting:
    • Restrict the message submissions’ rate to stop the brute-force attempts.
  • Example: Stronger Hash

std::string GenerateHash(std::string input) {

// Implement SHA-256 or another strong hash function

return sha256(input);

}

  1. Evaluate Metrics
  • Estimate the efficiency of the attack:
    • Collision Attempts: Calculate the volume of attempts that are required to determine a collision.
    • Spoof Success Rate: Measure the rate of effective spoofed messages.
    • Detection Metrics: We compute the percentage of flagged collisions.
  1. Extend the Simulation
  • We mimic various hash functions such as MD5, SHA-1, and SHA-256 to equate collision rates.
  • Experiment the effect of mitigation methods like nonces or salting.

This manual offers complete outline for replicating Birthday Attack projects using NS3 simulation tool. If you want additional support to execute further, we will guide you.

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