How to Start DSR Routing Projects Using OMNeT++

To start a Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) project using OMNeT++, we require executing the DSR protocol that a reactive routing protocol normally utilised for ad hoc networks. DSR permits nodes to determine the routes to destinations dynamically and stores these routes minimizing the requirement for route discovery.

OMNeT++ offers a robust simulation platform, the DSR protocol doesn’t executed within the INET framework but we will want to make a custom module for DSR or adapt existing components.

Below is a series of steps to get started with executing DSR Routing in OMNeT++:

Steps to Start DSR Routing Projects in OMNeT++

Step 1: Install OMNeT++ and INET Framework

Make sure that we have OMNeT++ and the INET Framework installed on the system:

  1. Download OMNeT++:
    • We should download and install OMNeT++ using official site.
    • Adhere to the installation guidance based on the OS.
  2. Install INET Framework:
    • INET framework offers several network models and protocols. We can copy it in INET GitHub or install it through OMNeT++ IDE to utilise the OMNeT++ Module Manager.

To clone the INET repository:

git clone https://github.com/inet-framework/inet.git

  1. Install Mobility Framework (Optional but useful for DSR):
    • DSR normally functions within mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) thus we install the Mobility framework as propose to replicate the node mobility.

Step 2: Create a New OMNeT++ Project

  1. Create a New OMNeT++ Project:
    • Go to OMNeT++ IDE and make a new OMNeT++ project by navigating File > New > OMNeT++ Project.
    • Then, name it to the project such as DSR_Routing_Project.
  2. Set Up Network Topology:
    • Make a simple network nodes, which will be utilised the DSR protocol for interaction.
    • Every single node can transmit the Route Request (RREQ) and Route Reply (RREP) messages and sustain a route cache.

Example of a basic network topology:

network DsrNetwork {

submodules:

node1: DsrNode;

node2: DsrNode;

node3: DsrNode;

node4: DsrNode;

connections:

node1.wlan[0] <–> WlanInterface <–> node2.wlan[0];

node2.wlan[0] <–> WlanInterface <–> node3.wlan[0];

node3.wlan[0] <–> WlanInterface <–> node4.wlan[0];

}

In this case:

  • DsrNode is a custom module, which will be executed the DSR routing protocol.
  • WlanInterface denotes the wireless network interface that are utilised by each node.

Step 3: Implementing DSR Protocol

Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) is executing according to these two key components are route discovery and route maintenance. We want to execute the below given logic in a custom module, which will be managed the DSR protocol:

  1. Create a Custom Module for DSR:
    • In the network, make a new module (DsrNode), which will denote a node to execute the DSR protocol logic such as route discovery, route maintenance, and so on.

Here’s an instance of how we can begin the implementing DSR:

class DsrNode : public cSimpleModule {

protected:

// Stores the route cache

std::map<int, std::vector<int>> routeCache;

virtual void initialize() override {

// Initialization code, e.g., set timers, initialize route cache

}

virtual void handleMessage(cMessage *msg) override {

// Handle incoming message and decide whether it’s a route discovery or data packet

if (msg->isSelfMessage()) {

// Process route maintenance or timers

} else {

// Process incoming RREQ/RREP or data packets

processPacket(msg);

}

}

void processPacket(cMessage *msg) {

// Handle RREQ, RREP, or data packets based on DSR logic

if (msg->getKind() == RREQ) {

// Handle Route Request

handleRREQ(msg);

} else if (msg->getKind() == RREP) {

// Handle Route Reply

handleRREP(msg);

} else {

// Handle data packet and forward it

forwardDataPacket(msg);

}

}

void handleRREQ(cMessage *msg) {

// Handle Route Request (RREQ) message

// If destination is known in route cache, reply with RREP, else forward RREQ

}

void handleRREP(cMessage *msg) {

// Handle Route Reply (RREP) message

// Cache the route and forward RREP to the source node

}

void forwardDataPacket(cMessage *msg) {

// Forward data packet based on the route cache

// If route is known, forward the packet to the next hop

}

void sendRREQ(int destination) {

// Send Route Request (RREQ) to discover a route

}

void sendRREP(int destination) {

// Send Route Reply (RREP) when route is found

}

};

In this code:

  • The route cache saves the determined routes.
  • handleMessage() is utilised to execute the incoming messages such as RREQ, RREP, and data.
  • handleRREQ() manages incoming route requests and replies with an RREP or transmits the RREQ.
  • handleRREP() controls route responses.
  • forwardDataPacket() transfer information depends on the route cache.
  1. Route Discovery Process:
    • Once a node requires transmitting the data to a destination then initially it verifies their route cache.
    • If route is not available then it transmits a Route Request (RREQ) message.
    • Intermediate nodes send the RREQ awaiting the destination node is attained.
    • The destination node transmits a Route Reply (RREP) again to the source node, in the route cache to make the route.
  2. Route Cache Maintenance:
    • The route cache is modernized when a node obtains a RREP. The cache saves the route to the destination and more packets can be utilised the cached route preventing route discovery.
    • If the route is no longer useable sometimes a link breaks then the nodes have to cancel the route and re-state the route discovery.

Step 4: Configure the Simulation

  1. Configure Simulation Parameters in omnetpp.ini:
    • Set the basic simulation settings like network type, node metrics, traffic generation, and the routing protocol in this file.

Example omnetpp.ini configuration:

network = DsrNetwork

sim-time-limit = 100s

[Config DsrConfig]

*.node1.routingProtocol = “DsrNode”

*.node2.routingProtocol = “DsrNode”

*.node3.routingProtocol = “DsrNode”

*.node4.routingProtocol = “DsrNode”

# Traffic generation configuration

*.node1.app[0].typename = “UdpBasicApp”

*.node1.app[0].destAddr = “node4”

*.node1.app[0].startTime = 1s

*.node1.app[0].messageLength = 100B

*.node1.app[0].sendInterval = 1s

In this instance:

  • The routingProtocol is configured to DsrNode for every node.
  • The UdpBasicApp is utilised to make traffic among the nodes like node1 and node4.
  1. Node Mobility (Optional):
    • If we need to replicate a mobile network then we utilise the Mobility framework to dynamically modify the location of nodes in the course of the simulation within OMNeT++.

Example mobility configuration:

*.node*.mobility.typename = “RandomWaypointMobility”

*.node*.mobility.areaWidth = 500

*.node*.mobility.areaHeight = 500

*.node*.mobility.speed = 1m/s

This set up will be arbitrarily travelled the nodes in a particular area.

Step 5: Run the Simulation

  1. Build the Project:
    • Select on the Build to execute the project in the OMNeT++ IDE.
  2. Run the Simulation:
    • Execute the simulation with the support of Tkenv or Qtenv.
    • Nodes will be transmitted RREQ once they don’t support a route within the cache, and when the destination response with RREP then the route will be stored in the replication.
  3. Monitor and Analyze:
    • In OMNeT++, monitor the route discovery process and examine the DSR protocol performance to utilise the EV logging and statistics tools.

Example of logging a Route Request:

EV << “Node ” << getId() << ” sending RREQ to destination ” << destination << endl;

  1. Check Route Discovery:
    • Monitor how the RREQ is broadcasted via the network and observe how RREP messages make the route for advanced usage.

Step 6: Extend the Simulation

When we have the simple DSR routing working then we prolong the simulation:

  1. Mobility Scenarios:
    • Experiment the DSR within dynamic networks in which nodes change position. Monitor how DSR adjusts to mobility and route changes.
  2. Larger Network Topologies:
    • We need to extend the network including additional nodes and then measure how DSR balances to larger networks.
  3. Simulate Link Failures:
    • We have to mimic link failures and also estimate how DSR replies to these failures by way of executing route repairs.
  4. Performance Metrics:
    • We effectively gather information on performance parameters like packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, and route discovery overhead for examining the DSR protocol’s performance under diverse conditions.

Conclusion

To execute DSR (Dynamic Source Routing), we want to make a custom routing module (DsrNode), which executes Route Request (RREQ) and Route Reply (RREP) processes and a route cache using OMNeT++. When we can create the network topology and routing logic, set the simulation metrics, and execute the simulation then we can examine how DSR executes under diverse network conditions like node mobility or link failures.

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