How to Start DTN Protocols Projects Using NS3

To start a Delay-Tolerant Network (DTN) protocol project using NS3 that needs to replicate or execute the protocols for networks including intermittent connectivity and important delays. DTNs are generally utilized within challenging interaction environments such as space networks, disaster recovery, and vehicular networks.

Following is a sequential procedure to start a DTN protocol project in NS3:

Steps to Start DTN Protocols Projects in NS3

  1. Understand DTN and NS-3 Capabilities
  • What is DTN?
    • A networking method for intermittent connectivity in which information is saved and sent over the nodes while waiting for it attains their destination.
    • Key Features:
  • Store-and-Forward Mechanism: Nodes save information in anticipation of sending opportunity occurs.
  • Routing Protocols: Epidemic, Spray and Wait, PRoPHET, and so on.
  • Applications: Space interaction, disaster networks and mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs).
  • NS3 Capabilities for DTNs:
    • Make use of an Application or Ipv4RoutingProtocol, to custom protocol execution.
    • It is useful for mobility and wireless interaction.
  1. Set Up NS3
  • Install NS3:
    • Go to nsnam.org, we can download and install NS3.
  • Verify Installation:

./waf –run scratch/test-example

  • Modules to Use:
    • internet: It offers the IP stack.
    • wifi: It is used for wireless interaction.
    • mobility: This module is supported for node mobility and dynamic topologies.
  1. Plan Your DTN Protocol Project
  • Select DTN Protocol Type:
    • Epidemic Routing: Data is overflowed to every node.
    • Spray and Wait: Restrictions the number of data copies that are sent.
    • PRoPHET: Probability-based routing is utilized for forecasting the contact opportunities.
  • Define Objectives:
    • We should execute a DTN protocol.
    • Measure the performance indicators such as delivery ratio, delay, and overhead.
  • Metrics to Measure:
    • We need to estimate the metrics including packet delivery ratio, latency, storage overhead, and bandwidth usage.
  1. Write a Basic DTN Simulation
  • Example: Simple Store-and-Forward Communication

#include “ns3/core-module.h”

#include “ns3/network-module.h”

#include “ns3/internet-module.h”

#include “ns3/wifi-module.h”

#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”

using namespace ns3;

void ReceivePacket(Ptr<Socket> socket) {

while (socket->Recv()) {

NS_LOG_INFO(“Packet received at ” << Simulator::Now().GetSeconds());

}

}

void ForwardPacket(Ptr<Socket> socket, Address peerAddress) {

Ptr<Packet> packet = Create<Packet>(1024); // 1 KB packet

socket->SendTo(packet, 0, peerAddress);

NS_LOG_INFO(“Packet forwarded at ” << Simulator::Now().GetSeconds());

}

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

uint32_t nNodes = 5; // Number of nodes

double simulationTime = 20.0;

NodeContainer nodes;

nodes.Create(nNodes);

// Configure Wi-Fi

WifiHelper wifi;

wifi.SetStandard(WIFI_PHY_STANDARD_80211b);

YansWifiPhyHelper phy = YansWifiPhyHelper::Default();

YansWifiChannelHelper channel = YansWifiChannelHelper::Default();

phy.SetChannel(channel.Create());

WifiMacHelper mac;

mac.SetType(“ns3::AdhocWifiMac”);

NetDeviceContainer devices = wifi.Install(phy, mac, nodes);

// Mobility model

MobilityHelper mobility;

mobility.SetPositionAllocator(“ns3::RandomRectanglePositionAllocator”,

“X”, StringValue(“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=0|Max=100]”),

“Y”, StringValue(“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=0|Max=100]”));

mobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::RandomWaypointMobilityModel”,

“Speed”, StringValue(“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=1.0|Max=3.0]”),

“Pause”, StringValue(“ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=2.0]”));

mobility.Install(nodes);

// Set up sockets

TypeId tid = TypeId::LookupByName(“ns3::UdpSocketFactory”);

Ptr<Socket> recvSocket = Socket::CreateSocket(nodes.Get(1), tid);

InetSocketAddress local = InetSocketAddress(Ipv4Address::GetAny(), 8080);

recvSocket->Bind(local);

recvSocket->SetRecvCallback(MakeCallback(&ReceivePacket));

Ptr<Socket> sendSocket = Socket::CreateSocket(nodes.Get(0), tid);

InetSocketAddress peerAddress = InetSocketAddress(Ipv4Address(“255.255.255.255”), 8080);

sendSocket->SetAllowBroadcast(true);

Simulator::Schedule(Seconds(5.0), &ForwardPacket, sendSocket, peerAddress);

Simulator::Stop(Seconds(simulationTime));

Simulator::Run();

Simulator::Destroy();

return 0;

}

  1. Implement DTN-Specific Protocol Logic
  • Core Steps for a DTN Protocol:
    1. Contact Detection:
      • Nodes identify the contact opportunities such as nodes in range.
    2. Store-and-Forward Mechanism:
      • Nodes fitter packets while waiting for sending an opportunity occurs.
    3. Forwarding Policy:
      • We can describe how packets are sent like flooding, limited copies.
    4. Buffer Management:
      • We need to control the storage space for incoming and outgoing packets.
  • Custom Protocol:
    • Prolong the Application or Ipv4RoutingProtocol for DTN-specific logic.
    • Example: We execute the Epidemic Routing by means of sustaining a list of message IDs and sending packets to new contacts.
  1. Test and Debug
  • Enable Logging:

export NS_LOG=UdpSocketFactory=level_all

./waf –run scratch/dtn-protocol

  • Packet Analysis:
    • Examine the DTN data flow to utilize PCAP files within Wireshark.
  • Custom Tracing:
    • We insert debug statements for key protocol actions such as packet storage and forwarding.
  1. Evaluate Performance
  • Metrics to Evaluate:
    • Delivery Ratio: We estimate the rate of effectively delivered packets.
    • End-to-End Delay: Measure duration to distribute the packets.
    • Overhead: Calculate the redundant transmissions or storage usage.
  • Use FlowMonitor:
    • Accumulate performance parameters to utilize following command:

FlowMonitorHelper flowMonitor;

Ptr<FlowMonitor> monitor = flowMonitor.InstallAll();

  1. Advanced Features
  • Mobility Models:
  • Make use of additional realistic mobility patterns like vehicular mobility.
  • Energy Awareness:
    • Incorporate an energy models to examine the power consumption.
  • Optimized Routing:
    • We execute further DTN protocols such as Spray-and-Wait or PRoPHET.
  • Security Features:
    • Insert encryption or authentication to DTN protocols for security aspects.

We understood the above offered process with examples on how to start and estimate the Delay-Tolerant Network (DTN) Projects using the simulation tool NS3. We also deliver how the DTN Protocols will perform in other simulation tools.

Begin your DTN Protocols projects with NS3 through phdprojects.org, where we will help you discover the most suitable project topics and simulation outcomes. Collaborating with us will ensure you see impressive project results. Allow us to manage the performance of your project. Share your project details with us, and we will provide prompt guidance. Our team specializes in space networks, disaster recovery, and vehicular networks, offering you comprehensive step-by-step support for your project.