How to Start ECMP Projects Using NS2

To create an ECMP (Equal-Cost Multi-Path) routing project in NS2 (Network Simulator 2), follow this organized step. ECMP is a routing approach which permits the distribution of congestion with several paths which have the same cost, improving the load balancing and fault tolerance.

Below for the steps based on the implementation process.

Steps to Start ECMP Projects Using NS2

Step 1: Set Up NS2 Environment

  1. Install NS2:
    • Download and install NS2 from the NS2 Official Website.
    • Validate the installation:

ns -version

  1. Familiarize Yourself with NS2:
    • Study the basics for NS2 scripting the creating nodes, connection, and congestion flows.
    • Examine the sample scripts in the ns-allinone-2.x/examples/ directory.

Step 2: Understand ECMP

  1. What is ECMP?
    • ECMP permits the congestion to be distributed with several equal-cost paths to a destination.
    • These enhancement for the network and use the resource for reliability.
  2. Core Concepts:
    • Hash-Based Selection: Congestion flows are distributed according to the hash values such as IP addresses.
    • Fault Tolerance: After a path fails, congestion is redistributed for the remaining equal-cost paths.
  3. Routing Context:
    • Typically used in data centres and IP/MPLS networks nevertheless can also be applied to common IP routing.

Step 3: Design a Network Topology

  1. Create a Topology with Multiple Equal-Cost Paths:

set ns [new Simulator]

# Create nodes

set n1 [$ns node]

set n2 [$ns node]

set n3 [$ns node]

set n4 [$ns node]

set n5 [$ns node]

# Define links

$ns duplex-link $n1 $n2 10Mb 10ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link $n1 $n3 10Mb 10ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link $n2 $n4 10Mb 5ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link $n3 $n4 10Mb 5ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link $n4 $n5 10Mb 10ms DropTail

  1. Verify Multiple Equal-Cost Paths:
    • Node n1 should have two equal-cost paths we reach the n5 such as via n2 -> n4 and n3 -> n4.

Step 4: Implement ECMP Logic

Option 1: Static ECMP Routing in Tcl

  1. Define Routing Tables:
    • Setting the static routes, we replicate the ECMP:

$ns rtproto Static

 

# Routes for n1

$ns add-route $n1 $n5 $n2

$ns add-route $n1 $n5 $n3

# Routes for intermediate nodes

$ns add-route $n2 $n5 $n4

$ns add-route $n3 $n5 $n4

  1. Distribute Traffic:
    • Manually divide the congestion with several path using the round-robin or hash-based logic.

Option 2: Dynamic ECMP in NS2

  1. Extend the Routing Logic:
    • Alter the NS2’s routing agent has included the ECMP functionality.
    • Encompass the Agent class we maintain the ECMP routing.

Example in C++:

class EcmpRoutingAgent : public Agent {

public:

EcmpRoutingAgent();

void recv(Packet* pkt, Handler* h);

void addPath(int dest, std::vector<int> nextHops);

private:

std::map<int, std::vector<int>> routingTable; // Destination -> Equal-Cost Next Hops

};

  1. Implement Hash-Based or Round-Robin Forwarding:
    • Choose the next hop dynamically according to the flow identifiers or round-robin scheduling.
  2. Recompile NS2:
    • Enhance the new agent for the Makefile and recompile:

make clean && make

Step 5: Define Traffic Flows

  1. Add Traffic Sources and Sinks:

# Attach UDP agent to n1

set udp [new Agent/UDP]

$ns attach-agent $n1 $udp

set sink [new Agent/Null]

$ns attach-agent $n5 $sink

$ns connect $udp $sink

# Generate CBR traffic

set cbr [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$cbr attach-agent $udp

$cbr set packetSize_ 512

$cbr set interval_ 0.05

$ns at 1.0 “$cbr start”

  1. Monitor Traffic Distribution:
    • Follow on how the congestion flows complete the equal-cost paths.

Step 6: Simulate and Analyze

  1. Run the Simulation:
    • Store the script as ecmp_simulation.tcl and implement:

ns ecmp_simulation.tcl

  1. Visualize in NAM:
    • Follow on the congestion distribution and routing behaviour in NAM:

nam ecmp_simulation.nam

  1. Analyze Trace File:
    • Metrics to estimate:
      • Traffic distribution with paths.
      • Packet delivery ratio.
      • End-to-end latency.
      • Utilized the path.

Step 7: Enhance ECMP Project

  1. Dynamic Network Behavior:
    • Replicate the connection failures and follow on how traffic is redistributed.
  2. Advanced ECMP Selection Logic:
    • Execute the congestion for distribute terms on:
      • Flow hashes such as source IP, destination IP, ports.
      • Traffic load.
  3. Scalability Testing:
    • Validate on ECMP in a larger topology through 50+ nodes and several equal-cost paths.
  4. Comparison:
    • Associate the ECMP through traditional single-path routing protocols.

We entirely deliver the complete procedure that utilized to simulate the Equal-Cost Multi-Path routing in ns2 simulation tool and also, we deliver the snippets, explanation and the advanced features to improve the Equal-Cost Multi-Path routing. Should you have any inquiries about this project, raise to the additional manual.

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