How to Start GPSR Protocol Projects Using NS3

To start Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) protocol in NS3 that is generally utilized used in wireless ad hoc networks, which is specifically utilized for geographic routing within mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). NS3 environment doesn’t directly support GPSR; however we can execute the GPSR functionality within NS3 by utilising a third-party GPSR execution or estimating the geographic routing including available tools.

This manual offers two various methods to start functioning with GPSR in NS3:

  1. Install a Third-Party GPSR Module for NS3: If there is an existing GPSR module that matching with the new version of NS3 then we can append it to replicate the GPSR.
  2. Approximate GPSR with Custom Code: We execute a basic GPSR-like functionality for simple geographic routing behavior within NS3.

Steps to Start GPSR Protocol Projects in NS3

Option 1: Using a Third-Party GPSR Module in NS3

A few researchers and developers for NS3 need to be made GPSR modules. We can be combined these if we determine one compatible with the version of NS3. Following is a common framework for configuring such a module:

  1. Find and Download the GPSR Module:
    • Look for an NS3 GPSR module like on GitHub or within research archives. General repositories contain:
  2. Integrate the GPSR Module:
    • In the NS3’s src directory, locate the GPSR module folder.
    • Alter script within the src folder containing the GPSR module.
    • We execute the GPSR module with NS3 and then reconstruct NS3:

./ns3 configure –enable-examples –enable-tests

./ns3 build

  1. Run a Simulation with GPSR:
    • We can utilize the example GPSR script offered along with the module (or change own script), making a GPSR-based network replication.

Option 2: Approximate GPSR with Custom Implementation

If we need to estimate the GPSR functionality then we can replicate simple geographic forwarding behavior including custom code within NS3. Below are some steps on how we can execute it:

Steps for a Basic GPSR Approximation

  1. Create a New Script: In the scratch directory of NS3, we can save the following code like gpsr_simulation.cc.

Example Code for gpsr_simulation.cc

This example illustrates to configure nodes including a basic geographic forwarding mechanism depends on the distance (not a complete GPSR execution however it estimates the GPSR-like behavior).

#include “ns3/core-module.h”

#include “ns3/network-module.h”

#include “ns3/internet-module.h”

#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”

#include “ns3/wifi-module.h”

#include “ns3/applications-module.h”

#include <cmath>

using namespace ns3;

NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE(“GpsrSimulation”);

 

double CalculateDistance(Ptr<Node> node1, Ptr<Node> node2) {

Ptr<MobilityModel> mobility1 = node1->GetObject<MobilityModel>();

Ptr<MobilityModel> mobility2 = node2->GetObject<MobilityModel>();

return mobility1->GetDistanceFrom(mobility2);

}

void SendPacket(Ptr<Node> source, Ptr<Node> destination, Ipv4Address destAddress) {

// Find the neighbor closest to the destination

Ptr<Node> bestNeighbor = source;

double bestDistance = CalculateDistance(source, destination);

for (uint32_t i = 0; i < source->GetNDevices(); ++i) {

Ptr<NetDevice> device = source->GetDevice(i);

Ptr<Channel> channel = device->GetChannel();

for (uint32_t j = 0; j < channel->GetNDevices(); ++j) {

Ptr<Node> neighbor = channel->GetDevice(j)->GetNode();

if (neighbor == source) continue;

double distance = CalculateDistance(neighbor, destination);

if (distance < bestDistance) {

bestNeighbor = neighbor;

bestDistance = distance;

}

}

}

// Send a packet from the source to the best neighbor

if (bestNeighbor != source) {

NS_LOG_INFO(“Packet forwarded from Node ” << source->GetId()

<< ” to Node ” << bestNeighbor->GetId()

<< ” towards destination Node ” << destination->GetId());

}

}

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

LogComponentEnable(“GpsrSimulation”, LOG_LEVEL_INFO);

NodeContainer nodes;

nodes.Create(5); // 5 nodes in the ad hoc network

// Configure mobility

MobilityHelper mobility;

mobility.SetPositionAllocator(“ns3::RandomRectanglePositionAllocator”,

“X”, StringValue(“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=0.0|Max=100.0]”),

“Y”, StringValue(“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=0.0|Max=100.0]”));

mobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel”);

mobility.Install(nodes);

// Set up WiFi for ad hoc communication

WifiHelper wifi;

wifi.SetStandard(WIFI_STANDARD_80211b);

YansWifiPhyHelper wifiPhy = YansWifiPhyHelper::Default();

YansWifiChannelHelper wifiChannel = YansWifiChannelHelper::Default();

wifiPhy.SetChannel(wifiChannel.Create());

WifiMacHelper wifiMac;

wifiMac.SetType(“ns3::AdhocWifiMac”);

NetDeviceContainer devices = wifi.Install(wifiPhy, wifiMac, nodes);

// Install the Internet stack

InternetStackHelper internet;

internet.Install(nodes);

// Assign IP addresses

Ipv4AddressHelper ipv4;

ipv4.SetBase(“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);

Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = ipv4.Assign(devices);

// Simulate packet forwarding in a GPSR-like manner

Simulator::Schedule(Seconds(1.0), &SendPacket, nodes.Get(0), nodes.Get(4), interfaces.GetAddress(4));

Simulator::Run();

Simulator::Destroy();

return 0;

}

Explanation of the Code

  • Calculate Distance Function: According to its locations, it determines the Euclidean distance among two nodes. This distance function is a fundamental portion of GPSR’s greedy forwarding strategy.
  • Send Packet Function: Discovers the nearest to the destination and “forwards” the packet by logging a message. It replicates the greedy forwarding behavior of GPSR, however it doesn’t send packets among the nodes.
  • Mobility and WiFi Setup: In an ad hoc, simple mobility and WiFi ad hoc network set up allow nodes wirelessly interacting.
  • Simulation Schedule: A function request to replicates the packet forwarding from the source node to the optimal neighbor to the destination node.
  1. Build and Run the Simulation
  1. In the scratch directory, we can save gpsr_simulation.cc.
  2. Go to a terminal, pass through to the NS3 directory, and then make the script:

./ns3 build

  1. Run the simulation:

./ns3 run scratch/gpsr_simulation

Above code will run the simulation and record messages to display the forwarding behavior.

Further Experimentation Ideas

To discover more advanced GPSR, we can deliberate:

  • Implementing Perimeter Mode: Perimeter mode is utilised when greedy forwarding be unsuccessful in GPSR. We should be replicated perimeter routing by identifying nodes without closer neighbors and routing over them.
  • Using Real Mobility Models: We execute a mobility model like RandomWaypointMobilityModel, replicating the dynamic node movement, since GPSR is generally utilised within mobile networks.
  • Network Expansion: Maximizes the volume of nodes and then experiment the forwarding behavior over a larger network.
  • Visualization: Monitor the path taken by packets using NS3’s NetAnim or other visualization tools in the network.

We had provided two way methods to configure and simulate the GPSR Protocol projects with the support of NS3 simulation platform. Advance topics and concepts will also be given in another guide.

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