How to Start Hybrid Topology Projects Using NS3

To create a Hybrid Topology, it mixed the various network topologies such as mesh, star, ring, and tree to employ the strengths of every while prevent their weaknesses. Executing the hybrid topology in NS-3 has includes the mixed multiple topological configurations and connecting them.

Here’s how you can start a Hybrid Topology project using NS-3:

Steps to Start Hybrid Topology Projects Using NS3

Step 1: Set Up NS-3

  1. Install NS-3:
    • Download NS-3.
    • Follow the installation process to setting the NS-3 and its requirements.
  2. Verify Installation: Validate through a basic script:

./waf –run scratch/my_first

Step 2: Understand Hybrid Topology

  • A hybrid topology can be including:
    • A star topology in one region.
    • A mesh topology for redundancy in another.
    • A ring topology to connect hubs.
    • A tree topology for hierarchical structure.
  • The Hybrid topologies are utilizing the large-scale networks such as data centres or enterprise networks.

Step 3: Plan the Topology

  1. Define the Components:
    • Every sub-topology will have chosen on how many nodes.
    • State the links among sub-topologies.
  2. Set Goals:
    • Replicate the congestion with various sub-topologies.
    • Calculate the parameters metrices such as delay, throughput, and packet loss.

Step 4: Set Up the Hybrid Topology

  1. Create Nodes for Each Sub-Topology: Utilized the NodeContainer we describe the nodes for every sub-topology.

NodeContainer starNodes, meshNodes, ringNodes;

starNodes.Create(5);

meshNodes.Create(6);

ringNodes.Create(4);

  1. Configure Sub-Topologies:
    • Star Topology: Utilized the PointToPointHelper we linked the central node to other nodes.

PointToPointHelper starP2P;

starP2P.SetDeviceAttribute(“DataRate”, StringValue(“100Mbps”));

starP2P.SetChannelAttribute(“Delay”, StringValue(“2ms”));

NetDeviceContainer starDevices;

for (uint32_t i = 1; i < starNodes.GetN(); ++i) {

NetDeviceContainer link = starP2P.Install(starNodes.Get(0), starNodes.Get(i));

starDevices.Add(link);

}

    • Mesh Topology: Utilized the PointToPointHelper for entirely connecting the nodes in the mesh.

PointToPointHelper meshP2P;

meshP2P.SetDeviceAttribute(“DataRate”, StringValue(“100Mbps”));

meshP2P.SetChannelAttribute(“Delay”, StringValue(“2ms”));

NetDeviceContainer meshDevices;

for (uint32_t i = 0; i < meshNodes.GetN(); ++i) {

for (uint32_t j = i + 1; j < meshNodes.GetN(); ++j) {

NetDeviceContainer link = meshP2P.Install(meshNodes.Get(i), meshNodes.Get(j));

meshDevices.Add(link);

}

}

    • Ring Topology: Utilized the PointToPointHelper we link the nodes in a circular fashion.

PointToPointHelper ringP2P;

ringP2P.SetDeviceAttribute(“DataRate”, StringValue(“100Mbps”));

ringP2P.SetChannelAttribute(“Delay”, StringValue(“2ms”));

NetDeviceContainer ringDevices;

for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ringNodes.GetN(); ++i) {

NetDeviceContainer link = ringP2P.Install(ringNodes.Get(i), ringNodes.Get((i + 1) % ringNodes.GetN()));

ringDevices.Add(link);

}

  1. Connect Sub-Topologies: Utilized the nodes from every sub-topology as gateways to connect them.

PointToPointHelper hybridP2P;

hybridP2P.SetDeviceAttribute(“DataRate”, StringValue(“1Gbps”));

hybridP2P.SetChannelAttribute(“Delay”, StringValue(“1ms”));

 

NetDeviceContainer hybridDevices;

hybridDevices = hybridP2P.Install(starNodes.Get(1), meshNodes.Get(0)); // Connect star to mesh

hybridDevices = hybridP2P.Install(meshNodes.Get(2), ringNodes.Get(0)); // Connect mesh to ring

  1. Install Internet Stack: Install the IP stack on all nodes.

InternetStackHelper stack;

stack.Install(starNodes);

stack.Install(meshNodes);

stack.Install(ringNodes);

  1. Assign IP Addresses: Use Ipv4AddressHelper to assign IPs.

Ipv4AddressHelper address;

address.SetBase(“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);

address.Assign(starDevices);

address.SetBase(“10.2.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);

address.Assign(meshDevices);

address.SetBase(“10.3.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);

address.Assign(ringDevices);

address.SetBase(“10.4.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);

address.Assign(hybridDevices);

Step 5: Set Up Applications

  1. Install Traffic Generators: Utilized their UDP or TCP applications.

Server:

UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer(9);

ApplicationContainer serverApp = echoServer.Install(starNodes.Get(0));

serverApp.Start(Seconds(1.0));

serverApp.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

Clients: Install clients on nodes in other sub-topologies.

for (uint32_t i = 1; i < meshNodes.GetN(); ++i) {

UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient(Ipv4Address(“10.1.1.1”), 9);

echoClient.SetAttribute(“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue(10));

echoClient.SetAttribute(“Interval”, TimeValue(Seconds(1.0)));

echoClient.SetAttribute(“PacketSize”, UintegerValue(1024));

ApplicationContainer clientApp = echoClient.Install(meshNodes.Get(i));

clientApp.Start(Seconds(2.0));

clientApp.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

}

Step 6: Run and Analyze

  1. Run the Simulation:

Simulator::Run();

Simulator::Destroy();

  1. Capture Packets: Utilized the .pcap files for analysis.

starP2P.EnablePcapAll(“hybrid_star”);

meshP2P.EnablePcapAll(“hybrid_mesh”);

ringP2P.EnablePcapAll(“hybrid_ring”);

  1. Trace Logs: Ensure the debugging logs:

export NS_LOG=”UdpEchoClientApplication=level_all|prefix_func”

./waf –run scratch/hybrid_topology

Example: Minimal NS-3 Script for Hybrid Topology

#include “ns3/core-module.h”

#include “ns3/network-module.h”

#include “ns3/internet-module.h”

#include “ns3/point-to-point-module.h”

#include “ns3/applications-module.h”

using namespace ns3;

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

NodeContainer starNodes, meshNodes, ringNodes;

starNodes.Create(5);

meshNodes.Create(6);

ringNodes.Create(4);

PointToPointHelper starP2P, meshP2P, ringP2P, hybridP2P;

starP2P.SetDeviceAttribute(“DataRate”, StringValue(“100Mbps”));

starP2P.SetChannelAttribute(“Delay”, StringValue(“2ms”));

meshP2P.SetDeviceAttribute(“DataRate”, StringValue(“100Mbps”));

meshP2P.SetChannelAttribute(“Delay”, StringValue(“2ms”));

ringP2P.SetDeviceAttribute(“DataRate”, StringValue(“100Mbps”));

ringP2P.SetChannelAttribute(“Delay”, StringValue(“2ms”));

hybridP2P.SetDeviceAttribute(“DataRate”, StringValue(“1Gbps”));

hybridP2P.SetChannelAttribute(“Delay”, StringValue(“1ms”));

// Configure and connect sub-topologies…

// (Use code examples provided earlier for each sub-topology setup)

Simulator::Run();

Simulator::Destroy();

return 0;

}

Next Steps

  • Visualize the topology using NetAnim.
  • Experiment with various congestions designs.
  • Compare the performance metrics such as delay, throughput for the hybrid topology with other topologies.

Using NS3, we performed a complete Hybrid Topology project analysis through given simulation process.

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