How to Start IP Protocol Project Using NS2

To Create an IP Protocols project using NS2 (Network Simulator 2) has involves the replicate on how the Internet Protocols (IP) work in a network. NS2 helps for IPv4 natively, and extensions for IPv6 are also available. Here’s a detailed guide to help you set up and simulate IP-based projects:

Steps to Start IP Protocol Project Using NS2

  1. Understand IP Protocols and NS2 Capabilities
  • IP Protocols Overview:
    • IPv4: Standard for packet-switched networks.
    • IPv6: Model to address the IPv4 limitations, it involves the address space and performance.
    • The routing over IP has includes the protocols such as RIP, OSPF, and BGP.
  • NS2 Features:
    • Native IPv4 support.
    • It helps for the routing, fragmentation, and IP packet forwarding.
    • Extensions are available for IPv6.
  1. Set Up NS2 Environment
  • Install NS2:

sudo apt-get install ns2

  • Validate the installation:

ns example.tcl

  1. Define the Project Scope
  • Project Goals:
    • Replicate the simple IP packet forwarding.
    • Associate the IPv4 and IPv6 performance.
    • Execute and examine the IP routing protocols.
  • Examples:
    • IPv4 vs IPv6 throughput and latency.
    •  Reassembly and IP fragmentation.
    • Routing table updates under dynamic network conditions.
  1. Design the Network Topology
  • Topology Elements:
    • Nodes: It signifies the routers or end devices.
    • Links: Classify the connection are physical or logical connections among nodes.
  • Example:
    • The network by five nodes is connected in the linear or mesh topology.
  1. Write the TCL Script
  • Build a TCL script and setting the IP layer, routing, and traffic generation.

Example TCL Script for IP Simulation:

# Initialize the simulator

set ns [new Simulator]

# Define trace file and NAM file

set tracefile [open ip_trace.tr w]

$ns trace-all $tracefile

set namfile [open ip_simulation.nam w]

$ns namtrace-all $namfile

# Create nodes

set n0 [$ns node]

set n1 [$ns node]

set n2 [$ns node]

set n3 [$ns node]

set n4 [$ns node]

# Connect nodes

$ns duplex-link $n0 $n1 1Mb 10ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link $n1 $n2 1Mb 10ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link $n2 $n3 1Mb 10ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link $n3 $n4 1Mb 10ms DropTail

# Configure IP routing (default is static)

$n0 set ipAddr_ “192.168.1.1”

$n1 set ipAddr_ “192.168.1.2”

$n2 set ipAddr_ “192.168.1.3”

$n3 set ipAddr_ “192.168.1.4”

$n4 set ipAddr_ “192.168.1.5”

# Add traffic between nodes

set udp [new Agent/UDP]

set null [new Agent/Null]

$ns attach-agent $n0 $udp

$ns attach-agent $n4 $null

$ns connect $udp $null

set cbr [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$cbr set packetSize_ 512

$cbr set interval_ 0.1

$cbr attach-agent $udp

# Start traffic

$ns at 1.0 “$cbr start”

$ns at 10.0 “$cbr stop”

# Terminate simulation

$ns at 15.0 “finish”

proc finish {} {

global ns tracefile namfile

$ns flush-trace

close $tracefile

close $namfile

exec nam ip_simulation.nam &

exit 0

}

$ns run

  1. Extend the Script for IPv6
  • Install the IPv6 extension for NS2 such as if not already available.
  • Alter the script and allocate the IPv6 addresses and ensure the IPv6 routing.
  • Sample IPv6 setting:

$n0 set ipAddr_ “2001:db8::1”

$n1 set ipAddr_ “2001:db8::2”

  1. Simulate Network Dynamics
  • Validate the IP protocol behavior under changing environment:
    • Link Failures: Replicate the connection failures to follow on routing table bring -to-update.

$ns rtmodel-at 5.0 down $n1 $n2

$ns rtmodel-at 7.0 up $n1 $n2

    • Fragmentation: Forward the large packets and follow on fragmentation and reassembly.
  1. Run the Simulation
  • Implement the TCL script:

ns ip_simulation.tcl

  • Envision for the replication using NAM:

nam ip_simulation.nam

  1. Analyze Performance
  • Extract metrics from the trace file (ip_trace.tr):
    • Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR): Ratio of packets delivered to packets forward.
    • Throughput: Total data delivered per unit time.
    • Latency: End-to-end delay for packet delivery.
  • Use the tools AWK or Python for trace file analysis.

Example AWK Script for Throughput:

BEGIN {bytes=0;}

{

if ($1 == “r” && $4 == “UDP”) {

bytes += $6;

}

}

END {

print “Throughput (kbps):”, bytes*8/10^3;

}

  1. Enhance IP Functionality
  • Dynamic Routing: Replicate the routing protocols for dynamic such as RIP, OSPF, or BGP.
  • QoS: Prioritize the certain congestion flows for instance VoIP over others.
  • Security: Replicate the IPsec for secure data transmission.
  1. Document the Project
  • Include:
    • The document has includes the objective and problem statement.
    • After the process for problem statement it analysis the Network topology and configurations.
    • Then gives the parameter simulation results for sample graphs, tables.
    • Finally it observations and future improvements.

In this manual, we deliver the detailed procedure about how to operate the IP protocol and how to analyse the outcomes in the ns2 simulation tool. Further specifics details regarding the IP protocol system will be provided.