How to Start MANET Projects Using NS2

To stimulate a MANET (Mobile Ad-hoc Network) project using NS2 has been including the leverage of built-in capabilities for wireless network replication and encompassing the design for features and protocols precise to MANETs. Below is a detailed guide to help you start:

Steps to Start MANET Projects Using NS2

  1. Understand the Project Requirements
  • Identify the Goal: Choose the concentrate of the MANET project:
    • Routing protocols are includes the AODV, DSR, DSDV, TORA.
    • Mobility models has involves the Random Waypoint, Gauss-Markov.
    • Performance metrics such as packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, throughput.
    • It improves the scalability, security, or energy efficiency.
  • Review Literature: Analysis the previous study to understand the general techniques and gaps are classified.
  1. Install NS2
  • Download NS2 from the NS2 Official Website and install it on a Linux environment.
  • Install further dependencies such as NAM (Network Animator) for envision and Xgraph for study the outcome.
  • Validate the installation by sample scripts offers the NS2 package.
  1. Learn the Basics of NS2
  • Simulation Scripts: Study to write and alter the replication scripts in TCL (Tool Command Language).
  • OTCL and C++: NS2 uses OTCL for replication the scripting and C++ for backend modules. Be familiar by together, as advanced modification can be need the C++.
  • Trace Files: Recognize the outcomes for trace file format and we examine the outcomes.
  1. Set up the MANET Environment
  • Wireless Network Nodes:
    • Describe mobile nodes in the TCL script by attributes such as energy model, antenna type, and transmission range.
  • Routing Protocols:
    • Select routing from pre-built MANET protocols such as the AODV, DSR, or DSDV.
    • Example: Ensure the AODV routing:

$ns node-config -adhocRouting AODV

  • Mobility Models:
    • Express the mobility design using the predefined components or alter the scripts.
    • Example: Random Waypoint Model:

$ns at $time “$node_($i) setdest $x $y $speed”

  1. Develop TCL Simulation Script
  • Define Parameters:
    • Established the replication duration, area, number of nodes, etc.
    • sample:

set val(chan)   Channel/WirelessChannel    ;# channel type

set val(prop)   Propagation/TwoRayGround  ;# radio propagation model

set val(netif)  Phy/WirelessPhy           ;# network interface type

set val(mac)    Mac/802_11                ;# MAC type

set val(ifq)    Queue/DropTail/PriQueue   ;# interface queue type

set val(ll)     LL                        ;# link layer type

set val(ant)    Antenna/OmniAntenna       ;# antenna model

set val(x)      500                       ;# X dimension of topography

set val(y)      500                       ;# Y dimension of topography

  • Define Node Configuration:

$ns node-config -adhocRouting AODV \

-llType $val(ll) \

-macType $val(mac) \

-ifqType $val(ifq) \

-antType $val(ant) \

-propType $val(prop) \

-phyType $val(netif)

  • Add Nodes:

set node_($i) [$ns node]

  • Add Traffic: Use the increase of congestion is created such as TCP/FTP or UDP/CBR.

set udp [new Agent/UDP]

set null [new Agent/Null]

set cbr [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

  1. Run and Analyze the Simulation
  • Run Simulation: Store the script as manet.tcl and estimate:

ns manet.tcl

  • Trace Analysis: Study the created trace file for performance parameter metrics such as delay, throughput, and packet delivery ratio.
  • Visualize with NAM: Use NAM to animate the replication and follow on the node mobility and communication:

nam output.nam

  1. Modify or Implement New Protocols
  • Customize Existing Protocols: If required a change of C++ source files for routing protocols. For sample, edit the aodv.cc or dsr.cc files.
  • Develop New Protocols: Generate a new routing protocol through encompassing the base classes and increase modifies the behavior in C++.
  • Recompile NS2: Recompile NS2, then alter the C++ code:

make clean

./configure

make

  1. Performance Evaluation
  • Performance Metrics: Estimate the parameter metrics such as:
    • Packet delivery ratio.
    • Throughput.
    • End-to-end delay.
  • Graphical Analysis: Use the graphical tools such as Xgraph or MATLAB we mark the outcomes.
  1. Document Your Findings
  • Undoubtedly express the replication setting, outcomes, and conclusions in the documentation or report.

Example Applications

  • Routing Optimization: Associate the performance for AODV, DSR, and DSDV.
  • Mobility Impact: Analysis the impact for node speed on routing performance in mobility.
  • Energy Efficiency: Apply and estimate the energy-aware routing protocols.
  • Security: Secure routing protocols are replicating the security or examine the attack effect.

Here, we finally get knowledge about the MANET based communication that was implemented in ns2 tool. If you need some clarification we will provide another manual.