How to Start Mesh Topology Projects Using NS2

To stimulate a Mesh Topology project in NS2 (Network Simulator 2) has been contains generate of network in which each node is linked the several other nodes for assure the redundancy and reliability. Mesh topology is generally used in the wireless networks and sensor networks.

Here’s a step-by-step guide to start a Mesh Topology project in NS2:

Steps to Start Mesh Topology Projects Using NS2

  1. Understand Mesh Topology
  • Mesh Topology:
    • The mesh topology has nodes are interrelated and making a web-like architecture.
    • It offers the many paths for data communication. Improved the redundancy and reliability.
  • Use Cases:
    • Wireless mesh networks (WMN).
    • Sensor networks and IoT.
    • Critical applications need for fault tolerance.
  1. Set Up NS2
  1. Install NS2:
    • Install NS2 and validate the operation using a simple TCL script:

ns example.tcl

  1. Tools for Analysis:
    • NAM (Network Animator) intended for topology envision.
    • Trace File Analysis: make use the file AWK scripts or other tools for investigate the outcomes.
  1. Design the Mesh Topology
  • Components:
    • The nodes have interrelated by numerous connections.
    • Redundant paths for fault tolerance.
  • Metrics to Analyze:
    • Throughput.
    • Latency.
    • Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR).
  1. Write the Simulation Script

Step 4.1: Create the TCL Script

Create a file, e.g., mesh_topology.tcl.

Step 4.2: Initialize the Simulator

Go to through describe the replicator:

set ns [new Simulator]

set tracefile [open trace.tr w]

$ns trace-all $tracefile

set namfile [open mesh_topology.nam w]

$ns namtrace-all $namfile

Step 4.3: Define Nodes

  • Generate a nodes for the mesh network:

set n1 [$ns node]

set n2 [$ns node]

set n3 [$ns node]

set n4 [$ns node]

set n5 [$ns node]

Step 4.4: Configure Links

  • Link the nodes for make a mesh topology:

# Connect nodes in a mesh

$ns duplex-link $n1 $n2 1Mb 10ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link $n1 $n3 1Mb 10ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link $n2 $n3 1Mb 10ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link $n2 $n4 1Mb 10ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link $n3 $n5 1Mb 10ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link $n4 $n5 1Mb 10ms DropTail

Step 4.5: Setup Traffic

  • Enhance the congestion for sources and destinations:

# Traffic from n1 to n5

set udp1 [new Agent/UDP]

$ns attach-agent $n1 $udp1

set null1 [new Agent/Null]

$ns attach-agent $n5 $null1

$ns connect $udp1 $null1

# CBR application

set cbr1 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$cbr1 attach-agent $udp1

$cbr1 set packetSize_ 512

$cbr1 set rate_ 100kb

$ns at 1.0 “$cbr1 start”

$ns at 5.0 “$cbr1 stop”

Step 4.6: Add Dynamic Routing

  • Built a use of routing protocol such as AODV for dynamic route explores:

# Enable AODV routing

$ns rtproto DV

Step 4.7: Finalize the Script

  • Improve the replication of final environment and envision for setting the script:

$ns at 10.0 “finish”

proc finish {} {

global ns tracefile namfile

$ns flush-trace

close $tracefile

close $namfile

exec nam mesh_topology.nam &

exit 0

}

$ns run

  1. Run the Simulation
  1. Store the TCL script as mesh_topology.tcl.
  2. Process for replication of implementation the script:

ns mesh_topology.tcl

  1. Start the NAM file for envision the mesh topology:

nam mesh_topology.nam

  1. Analyze Results
  • Trace File Analysis:
    • Study the trace.tr file for calculates the performance of parameter metrics such as throughput and delay.
    • Example AWK script for throughput:

awk ‘{if ($1 == “r” && $4 == “tcp”) sum += $8} END {print “Throughput: “, sum}’

  • Performance Metrics:
    • Throughput: The throughput calculates the data transmission rates.
    • Latency: Compute the delays for packet delivery.
    • Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR): Determine the successful for packet deliveries.
  1. Expand the Simulation
  1. Add Failure Scenarios:
    • It replicate the connection or node failures and follow on the rerouting:

$ns at 3.0 “$ns link-fail $n2 $n3”

  1. Use Different Traffic Patterns:
    • It contain the TCP or FTP congestion for a replication of further realistic:

set tcp [new Agent/TCP]

$ns attach-agent $n1 $tcp

  1. Vary Network Parameters:
    • Modify the connection capacities, broadcast delays, or routing protocols.
  1. Document the Project

Include:

  • Objective: Define the determination of replicate a mesh topology.
  • Setup: Describe the network settings, traffic sources, and routing protocols.
  • Results: it delivers the performance parameter metrics and envision.
  • Conclusions: Summarize the detection and understandings.

We discussed earlier how the mesh topology will implement and execute in different environments using the ns2 tool. We will issue an additional document for demands related to this project.