How to Start MIMO Projects Using NS3

To start the Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) projects using NS3 that has necessities to replicate the wireless networks in which several antennas are utilised on both the transmitter and receiver sides enhancing the performance and to maximize the capacity. NS3 environment contains components like LTE and WiFi, which can be prolonged to access the MIMO sets up that permitting to learn the MIMO’s effect on wireless communication performance such as throughput, latency, and reliability.

Following procedure will guid you how to get started with MIMO projects in NS3.

Steps to Start MIMO Projects in NS3

  1. Install NS3 and Required Modules

Make certain the NS3 is installed on the system including the needed modules for wireless communication like LTE and WiFi.

  1. Download and Install NS3:

git clone https://gitlab.com/nsnam/ns-3-dev.git ns-3

cd ns-3

./waf configure –enable-examples –enable-tests

./waf build

  1. Verify Installation: Execute an LTE or WiFi example making sure that everything is properly configured.

./waf –run=lte-simple

  1. Understand MIMO Basics in NS3

In a MIMO project, we will normally function with:

  • MIMO Antennas: For both the transmitter and receiver, several antennas that are executed within NS3 via certain antenna models.
  • Channel Models: To account the MIMO needs furthered channel models for spatial diversity and multipath propagation.
  • Protocols: In NS3, MIMO sets up can execute to WiFi, LTE, or 5G protocols.
  1. Set Up a Basic MIMO Network Topology

A normal configuration contains a transmitter such as a WiFi Access Point or LTE eNodeB as well as numerous receivers like client devices or user equipment.

Example: MIMO with WiFi in Ad-hoc Mode

Following instance illustrates a simple WiFi network with the help of MIMO including several antennas at each device in ad-hoc mode.

#include “ns3/core-module.h”

#include “ns3/network-module.h”

#include “ns3/internet-module.h”

#include “ns3/wifi-module.h”

#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”

#include “ns3/applications-module.h”

using namespace ns3;

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

CommandLine cmd;

cmd.Parse(argc, argv);

// Create nodes for WiFi communication

NodeContainer wifiNodes;

wifiNodes.Create(3);

// Set up WiFi channel with MIMO configuration

YansWifiChannelHelper channel = YansWifiChannelHelper::Default();

YansWifiPhyHelper phy = YansWifiPhyHelper::Default();

phy.SetChannel(channel.Create());

// Configure MIMO with 2×2 antennas

phy.Set(“Antennas”, UintegerValue(2));      // Two antennas on each side

phy.Set(“MaxSupportedTxSpatialStreams”, UintegerValue(2)); // Max 2 spatial streams for Tx

phy.Set(“MaxSupportedRxSpatialStreams”, UintegerValue(2)); // Max 2 spatial streams for Rx

// Set up WiFi MAC and network

WifiHelper wifi;

wifi.SetStandard(WIFI_PHY_STANDARD_80211n_5GHZ); // 5 GHz for 802.11n

WifiMacHelper mac;

mac.SetType(“ns3::AdhocWifiMac”);

NetDeviceContainer devices = wifi.Install(phy, mac, wifiNodes);

// Install the mobility model

MobilityHelper mobility;

mobility.SetPositionAllocator(“ns3::GridPositionAllocator”,

“MinX”, DoubleValue(0.0),

“MinY”, DoubleValue(0.0),

“DeltaX”, DoubleValue(5.0),

“DeltaY”, DoubleValue(10.0),

“GridWidth”, UintegerValue(3),

“LayoutType”, StringValue(“RowFirst”));

mobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel”);

mobility.Install(wifiNodes);

// Install Internet stack

InternetStackHelper stack;

stack.Install(wifiNodes);

// Assign IP addresses

Ipv4AddressHelper address;

address.SetBase(“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);

Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign(devices);

// Set up a UDP echo server on the first node

uint16_t port = 9;

UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer(port);

ApplicationContainer serverApp = echoServer.Install(wifiNodes.Get(0));

serverApp.Start(Seconds(1.0));

serverApp.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

// Set up a UDP echo client on another node

UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient(interfaces.GetAddress(0), port);

echoClient.SetAttribute(“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue(10));

echoClient.SetAttribute(“Interval”, TimeValue(Seconds(1.0)));

echoClient.SetAttribute(“PacketSize”, UintegerValue(1024));

ApplicationContainer clientApp = echoClient.Install(wifiNodes.Get(1));

clientApp.Start(Seconds(2.0));

clientApp.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

Simulator::Run();

Simulator::Destroy();

return 0;

}

  1. Experiment with Different WiFi Standards and MIMO Configurations

Test with diverse WiFi standards, which support MIMO like 802.11n or 802.11ac, and then modify the volume of antennas and spatial streams monitoring its impact on network performance.

Example:

wifi.SetStandard(WIFI_PHY_STANDARD_80211ac);

phy.Set(“Antennas”, UintegerValue(4)); // 4×4 MIMO

phy.Set(“MaxSupportedTxSpatialStreams”, UintegerValue(4));

phy.Set(“MaxSupportedRxSpatialStreams”, UintegerValue(4));

  1. Set Up MIMO with LTE Networks

MIMO is also assisted by means of eNodeB and UEs are setting up utilizing numerous antennas in LTE. Make an LTE network and then indicate the MIMO sets up utilising the LTE module for the physical layer.

Example for LTE:

Ptr<LteHelper> lteHelper = CreateObject<LteHelper>();

lteHelper->SetEnbAntennaModelType(“ns3::IsotropicAntennaModel”);

lteHelper->SetEnbAntennaModelAttribute(“NumRxAntennas”, UintegerValue(2)); // 2×2 MIMO at eNodeB

lteHelper->SetUeAntennaModelType(“ns3::IsotropicAntennaModel”);

lteHelper->SetUeAntennaModelAttribute(“NumTxAntennas”, UintegerValue(2)); // 2×2 MIMO at UE

  1. Configure MIMO-Specific Channel Models

We can utilize furthered channel models, which deliberate the spatial diversity, multipath fading, and beamforming for exact MIMO simulations. Instance contain:

  • TraceFadingLossModel: For in-depth fading features.
  • SpectrumPropagationLossModel: Designs for frequency-dependent fading.

Example:

lteHelper->SetAttribute(“FadingModel”, StringValue(“ns3::TraceFadingLossModel”));

lteHelper->SetFadingModelAttribute(“TraceFilename”, StringValue(“path/to/fading_trace.fad”));

  1. Generate Traffic to Analyze MIMO Performance

Replicate the high-throughput data traffic that permits to estimate the MIMO’s effect on network performance to utilize the applications like OnOffApplication or BulkSendApplication.

Example with OnOffApplication:

OnOffHelper onOff(“ns3::UdpSocketFactory”, InetSocketAddress(interfaces.GetAddress(0), port));

onOff.SetAttribute(“DataRate”, StringValue(“1Gbps”));

onOff.SetAttribute(“PacketSize”, UintegerValue(1024));

ApplicationContainer app = onOff.Install(wifiNodes.Get(2));

app.Start(Seconds(2.0));

app.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

  1. Collect and Analyze Performance Metrics

We accumulate performance parameters to compute the MIMO’s effect:

  • Throughput: Measuring the data rate enhancement including MIMO.
  • Latency: Focus on if MIMO sets up to minimize the delay.
  • Packet Loss: Calculating the reliability in diverse antenna sets up.

To collect the performance parameters using FlowMonitor:

FlowMonitorHelper flowmon;

Ptr<FlowMonitor> monitor = flowmon.InstallAll();

monitor->SerializeToXmlFile(“mimo-flowmon.xml”, true, true);

  1. Visualize and Analyze Results
  • NetAnim: Envision node movement, connections, and data flows utilising NetAnim.
  • Trace Analysis: Consider NS3 trace files to learn the MIMO configuration’s behaviour in depth.
  • Graphing Tools: Transfer data graphing parameters such as throughput and latency, to permit MIMO performance benefits for a better comprehending.
  1. Experiment with Advanced MIMO Scenarios

We discover more complex MIMO sets up, after configuring the basics:

  • Massive MIMO: Experiment configurations including a high volume of antennas like 8×8 or 16×16 to learn the influence over the data rate and spatial diversity.
  • Beamforming: Concentrate on the transmission power within certain directions that can be improve the performance of MIMO which is particularly in high-frequency bands to execute the beamforming.
  • Multi-User MIMO: Replicate a situation in which numerous UEs concurrently utilize the MIMO, to experiment the capability of network supporting high traffic loads and effective spatial multiplexing

In this guide, we focused on the step-by-step methodology for set up and examining the MIMO projects using NS3 environment. We plan to explore advanced topics and concepts related to this project in upcoming manual.

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