How to Start Network Routing Projects Using NS3

To start the network routing projects using NS3 that needs to set up nodes interacting through diverse routing protocols, to estimate the performance, and discovering diverse routing strategies. NS3 offers multiple routing protocols like static routing, dynamic routing (AODV, DSDV, OLSR), and IPv6 routing. We can be utilized these protocols to learn the routing’s effect on network performance within diverse topologies, mobility situations, and traffic conditions.

Below is a detailed instruction to initiating network routing projects in NS3.

Steps to Start Network Routing Projects in NS3

  1. Install NS3
  1. Download and Install NS3, if it’s not already installed:

git clone https://gitlab.com/nsnam/ns-3-dev.git ns-3

cd ns-3

./waf configure –enable-examples –enable-tests

./waf build

  1. Verify Installation by executing an  example routing:

./waf –run=olsr

  1. Understand Routing Protocols Available in NS-3

NS3 have diverse routing protocols that we can utilize depends on the type of network and project’s aim:

  • Static Routing: Set up routing manually that is appropriate for small networks with fixed routes.
  • Dynamic Routing Protocols:
    • AODV (Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector): It is optimal for mobile ad hoc networks in which routes are made only when required.
    • DSDV (Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector): A table-driven routing protocol, which is appropriate for relatively stable networks.
    • OLSR (Optimized Link State Routing): Proactive routing that efficient for large networks in which sustaining an up-to-date routing table is necessary.
  • IPv6 Routing: For IPv6 networks, we can utilize dynamic and static routing.
  1. Create a Basic Network Topology with Routing

Initially, we configure a basic network topology including a routing protocol. In this instance, we will be utilized OLSR including WiFi links within a multi-node network.

Example: OLSR Routing with WiFi Network

This instance configures a network including several nodes to interact using the OLSR routing protocol through WiFi.

#include “ns3/core-module.h”

#include “ns3/network-module.h”

#include “ns3/internet-module.h”

#include “ns3/wifi-module.h”

#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”

#include “ns3/olsr-helper.h”

#include “ns3/applications-module.h”

using namespace ns3;

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

CommandLine cmd;

cmd.Parse(argc, argv);

// Create nodes

NodeContainer nodes;

nodes.Create(5);

// Set up WiFi channel and physical layer

YansWifiChannelHelper channel = YansWifiChannelHelper::Default();

YansWifiPhyHelper phy = YansWifiPhyHelper::Default();

phy.SetChannel(channel.Create());

// Set up WiFi MAC layer

WifiHelper wifi;

wifi.SetStandard(WIFI_PHY_STANDARD_80211b);

WifiMacHelper mac;

mac.SetType(“ns3::AdhocWifiMac”); // Ad-hoc mode

NetDeviceContainer devices = wifi.Install(phy, mac, nodes);

// Set up mobility

MobilityHelper mobility;

mobility.SetPositionAllocator(“ns3::GridPositionAllocator”,

“MinX”, DoubleValue(0.0),

“MinY”, DoubleValue(0.0),

“DeltaX”, DoubleValue(10.0),

“DeltaY”, DoubleValue(10.0),

“GridWidth”, UintegerValue(3),

“LayoutType”, StringValue(“RowFirst”));

mobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel”);

mobility.Install(nodes);

// Install Internet stack with OLSR routing protocol

OlsrHelper olsr;

InternetStackHelper stack;

stack.SetRoutingHelper(olsr); // Enable OLSR

stack.Install(nodes);

// Assign IP addresses

Ipv4AddressHelper address;

address.SetBase(“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);

Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign(devices);

// Set up applications to generate traffic

UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer(9);

ApplicationContainer serverApp = echoServer.Install(nodes.Get(0)); // First node as server

serverApp.Start(Seconds(1.0));

serverApp.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient(interfaces.GetAddress(0), 9); // Target server’s IP

echoClient.SetAttribute(“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue(10));

echoClient.SetAttribute(“Interval”, TimeValue(Seconds(1.0)));

echoClient.SetAttribute(“PacketSize”, UintegerValue(1024));

for (uint32_t i = 1; i < nodes.GetN(); ++i) { // Other nodes as clients

ApplicationContainer clientApp = echoClient.Install(nodes.Get(i));

clientApp.Start(Seconds(2.0 + i));

clientApp.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

}

Simulator::Run();

Simulator::Destroy();

return 0;

}

  1. Experiment with Different Routing Protocols

Focus on the diverse routing protocol’s impact on network performance, substitute OlsrHelper including other routing protocol helpers like AodvHelper or DsdvHelper.

Example: Using AODV rather than OLSR

AodvHelper aodv;

stack.SetRoutingHelper(aodv); // Enable AODV

stack.Install(nodes);

  1. Test Routing with Various Network Topologies

We can replicate diverse topologies monitoring how routing executes. Examples contain:

  • Grid Topology: In the instance, we indicated that is helpful for structured networks.
  • Mesh Topology: For multi-hop scenarios, it is helpful in which nodes perform like both hosts and routers.
  • Random Topology: For unstructured node placement utilizing a RandomPositionAllocator, to replicate an ad-hoc network.

Random Topology Example

mobility.SetPositionAllocator(“ns3::RandomRectanglePositionAllocator”,

“X”, StringValue(“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=0.0|Max=50.0]”),

“Y”, StringValue(“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=0.0|Max=50.0]”));

  1. Implement Mobility Models for Dynamic Routing

Set up nodes including mobility models such as RandomWaypointMobilityModel or ConstantVelocityMobilityModel for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It is specifically helpful once utilizing reactive protocols such as AODV that reply to modifications within network topology.

Example:

mobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::RandomWaypointMobilityModel”,

“Speed”, StringValue(“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=5.0|Max=20.0]”),

“Pause”, StringValue(“ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=2.0]”));

  1. Set Up Traffic Generation for Routing Performance Analysis

Make traffic, to replicate the real-world use cases utilizing applications such as OnOffApplication, BulkSendApplication, or UdpEchoApplication.

Example: Create bursty UDP traffic to utilize OnOffApplication.

OnOffHelper onOff(“ns3::UdpSocketFactory”, InetSocketAddress(interfaces.GetAddress(0), 9));

onOff.SetAttribute(“DataRate”, StringValue(“500Kbps”));

onOff.SetAttribute(“PacketSize”, UintegerValue(1024));

ApplicationContainer clientApp = onOff.Install(nodes.Get(1)); // Install on a node

clientApp.Start(Seconds(2.0));

clientApp.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

  1. Collect and Analyze Performance Metrics

We estimate the routing performance, to accumulate parameters like:

  • Throughput: Data rate that are attained by the network.
  • Latency: Delay among the packet transmission and reception.
  • Packet Delivery Ratio: Ratio of well distributed packets.
  • Routing Overhead: For route discovery and maintenance, more packets transmitted.

Assess throughput, delay, and packet delivery ratio utilizing FlowMonitor:

FlowMonitorHelper flowmon;

Ptr<FlowMonitor> monitor = flowmon.InstallAll();

monitor->SerializeToXmlFile(“routing-flowmon.xml”, true, true);

  1. Visualize Network Simulation
  • NetAnim: Envision node communications, packet routing, and mobility utilizing NetAnim.
  • Trace Analysis: Analyse the routing protocol’s in-depth behavior using NS3 trace files.
  • Graphing Tools: Graph the performance parameters over time knowing the routing protocols’ effect on network performance.
  1. Experiment with Advanced Routing Features

When we have a basic knowledge then we can discover more advanced situations:

  • Multi-Hop Routing: Make larger networks in which packets are sent via intermediate nodes.
  • High Mobility Scenarios: Maximize node speed and then examine how routing protocols manage the often topology modifications.
  • IPv6 Routing: Ian IPv6 network, experiment the routing protocol’s performance.
  • Protocol Comparison: Equate the proactive vs. reactive routing protocols in same conditions.

In the end, we learn and understand the concepts for Network Routing projects and also we know how to initiate and analyse these projects using NS3 tool. We will also be provided extra specifies regarding to this subject as per your needs.

Routing protocols, including static routing, dynamic routing (such as AODV, DSDV, and OLSR), as well as IPv6 routing, are developed by our team. At phdprojects.org, we are your primary resource for initiating network routing projects utilizing the NS3 tool. Upon providing us with your information, our support team will offer innovative ideas and topics, ensuring you receive exceptional research guidance. You can confidently present your paper, assured that it will be free from errors and plagiarism.