How to Start on CCNA Protocols Projects Using NS2

To create a CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate) protocols projects in NS2 has been includes their replicate of protocols are generally covered in CCNA certification like as RIP, EIGRP, OSPF and other. This protocol can be used the design for real-world environment and analyze their performance or discover the improvements. Below is a step-by-step guide for following procedures.

Steps to Start on CCNA Protocols Projects Using NS2

  1. Understand CCNA Protocols

CCNA concentrate on protocols used in enterprise the network. Here are key protocols:

Routing Protocols:

  1. RIP (Routing Information Protocol):
    • Distance-vector routing protocol.
    • Classful (RIP v1) or classless (RIP v2).
    • Appropriate for minimum networks.
  2. EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol):
    • It is a hybrid protocol by fast convergence.
    • It helps of the classless routing and advanced metrics for instance bandwidth, delay.
  3. OSPF (Open Shortest Path First):
    • It contains the Link-state protocol.
    • Modeled for large and hierarchical networks.

Other Protocols:

  1. VLAN (Virtual LAN):
    • It includes the logical segmentation of networks.
  2. STP (Spanning Tree Protocol):
    • It avoids the loops for Layer 2 networks.
  3. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol):
    • Allocates the IP addresses for dynamically.
  4. DNS (Domain Name System):
    • Determination of domain names to IP addresses.
  1. Define Your Project Goals

Select the concentrate of the project:

  1. Protocol Simulation:
    • Replicate the RIP, OSPF, or EIGRP in various network environments.
  2. Performance Comparison:
    • Associate the parameter metrics such as convergence time, routing overhead, and throughput.
  3. Protocol Optimization:
    • Improve the behavior of previous protocols for scalability or security.
  4. Real-World Scenarios:
    • It replicates the VLANs, DHCP configurations, or STP scenarios.
  1. Set Up NS2
  1. Install NS2:
    • Use tool NS2.35 for improved the compatibility by routing protocol projects.
  2. Verify Installation:
    • Process for simple sample replication of assures all setting is perfect.
  1. Simulate Protocols

Write a TCL script for replicate the desired protocol.

Example 1: RIP Simulation

  1. Set Up the Network:

set ns [new Simulator]

# Define trace and animation files

set tracefile [open rip.tr w]

$ns trace-all $tracefile

set namfile [open rip.nam w]

$ns namtrace-all $namfile

# Create nodes

set n0 [$ns node]

set n1 [$ns node]

set n2 [$ns node]

# Create links

$ns duplex-link $n0 $n1 2Mb 10ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link $n1 $n2 2Mb 10ms DropTail

  1. Enable RIP:
    • Setting the RIP as the routing protocol:

set val(rp) RIP

  1. Add Traffic Sources:

set udp [new Agent/UDP]

$ns attach-agent $n0 $udp

set null [new Agent/Null]

$ns attach-agent $n2 $null

$ns connect $udp $null

set cbr [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$cbr set packetSize_ 512

$cbr set interval_ 0.1

$cbr attach-agent $udp

  1. Run the Simulation:

$ns at 50.0 “finish”

proc finish {} {

global ns tracefile namfile

$ns flush-trace

close $tracefile

close $namfile

exec nam rip.nam &

exit 0

}

$ns run

Example 2: OSPF Simulation

For OSPF, we want to alter the NS2 has involve the OSPF-specific logic or replicate the OSPF-like behavior using hierarchical topologies.

  1. Add Hierarchical Topology:

set ns [new Simulator]

set n0 [$ns node]

set n1 [$ns node]

set n2 [$ns node]

set n3 [$ns node]

# Create areas

$ns duplex-link $n0 $n1 10Mb 10ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link $n1 $n2 10Mb 10ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link $n2 $n3 10Mb 10ms DropTail

  1. Implement Link-State Updates:
    • Replicate the OSPF behavior by periodic link-state bring up-to-date in the protocol logic.
  1. Analyze Results

Use the trace file for sample rip.tr or ospf.tr to analyze protocol behavior.

Metrics to Evaluate:

  1. Convergence Time:
    • It takes the duration for all nodes study the routes after change the topology.
  2. Routing Overhead:
    • Total number of control packets such as RIP updates, OSPF LSAs.

awk ‘{if ($7 == “RIP” || $7 == “OSPF”) count++} END {print “Routing Overhead:”, count}’ rip.tr

  1. Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR):
    • Forward the total packets for ratio of successfully delivered packets.

awk ‘{if ($1 == “r” && $4 == “AGT”) recd++; if ($1 == “s” && $4 == “AGT”) sent++} END {print “PDR:”, recd/sent*100 “%”}’ rip.tr

  1. Visualize Results
  1. Use NAM (Network Animator):
    • Envision for packet flow and routing behavior:

nam rip.nam

  1. Plot Metrics:
    • Use tool like Python, MATLAB, or Excel to plot convergence time, PDR, or overhead.
  1. Extend or Modify Protocols

We replicate the further advanced behavior, we can:

  1. Enhance EIGRP Metrics:
    • It help for improve energy-aware metrics in EIGRP through altering NS2 source files.
  2. Implement OSPF Areas:
    • Replicate the OSPF’s hierarchical model through organizing the nodes in various ranges.
  1. Advanced Features
  1. Security Enhancements:
    • Replicate the authentication for RIP v2 or OSPF.
  2. QoS in Routing:
    • Prioritize routes according to the bandwidth or need for the delay.
  3. Scalability Analysis:
    • Improve the number of nodes and validate the protocol performance.
  1. Compare Protocols

Replicate the several CCNA protocols for sample RIP, OSPF, EIGRP and associate:

  • Routing overhead.
  • Scalability in large networks.
  • Convergence time
  1. Document Your Project

Include:

  1. It start with document prepare for objectives and scope.
  2. After the process for network topology and configurations.
  3. Next will deliver the outcomes and performance analysis.
  4. Finally it gives the recommendations and future work.

Example Project Ideas

  1. Performance Comparison of RIP and OSPF:
    • Associate the protocols below different node densities and traffic design.
  2. Energy-Aware EIGRP:
    • Improve the EIGRP for energy effectiveness in wireless networks.
  3. OSPF in Hierarchical Topologies:
    • Replicate the OSPF’s multi-area routing in hierarchical topologies.
  4. Secure RIP Implementation:
    • Enhance the verification for RIP bring up-to-date and estimate the performance.
  5. VLAN and STP Simulation:
    • Design the VLANs and avoid the loops by STP.

Finally, we understand implementation procedures on Cisco Certified Network Associate that has includes to setting up the emulation scenarios then finally analyse the outcomes using the ns2 tool. For queries about the project, consult the additional manual we will provide.