How to Start Optimal Routing Projects Using NS3

To Starting an Optimal Routing project in NS3 includes the generating a routing mechanism which assures the best performance metrics like as minimum path, minimal delay, or maximum throughput. Here’s a structured guide to follow on their steps:

Steps to Start Optimal Routing Projects Using NS3

  1. Understand Optimal Routing
  • What is Optimal Routing?
    • Optimal routing chooses their paths according to specific criteria like as minimum path, least cost, maximum bandwidth, or lowest latency.
    • Common algorithms:
      • Shortest Path First (SPF): It uses the Dijkstra’s algorithm.
      • Bellman-Ford Algorithm: Intended for distance-vector routing.
      • QoS-aware Routing: Integrates the different parameter metrics such as delay, jitter, and packet loss.
  • Applications:
    • The Traffic engineering.
    • The Network planning.
    • It evaluates through suboptimal or adaptive routing protocols.
  1. Set Up NS3
  1. Install NS3:

sudo apt update

sudo apt install g++ python3 git cmake

git clone https://gitlab.com/nsnam/ns-3-dev.git

cd ns-3-dev

./waf configure

./waf build

  1. Verify Installation:

./waf –run scratch/my-first

  1. Approach for Optimal Routing in NS3
  1. Use Static Routing:
    • State the best routes manually.
    • Model for minimum and static topologies.
  2. Use Global Routing:
    • Automatically calculates the minimum paths utilized the Dijkstra’s algorithm.
    • We Built into NS3.
  3. Implement a Custom Optimal Routing Protocol:
    • Extend the Ipv4RoutingProtocol and sate we particular parameter metrics and logic for choose the optimal path selection.
  4. Use External Tools:
    • Integrate the external optimization tools for sample OpenFlow, optimization libraries to calculate the optimal paths.
  1. Option 1: Static Routing for Optimal Paths

For small-scale situations and state the static routes based on predefined metrics.

Example Code:

#include “ns3/core-module.h”

#include “ns3/network-module.h”

#include “ns3/internet-module.h”

#include “ns3/point-to-point-module.h”

#include “ns3/ipv4-static-routing-helper.h”

 

using namespace ns3;

int main() {

// Create nodes

NodeContainer nodes;

nodes.Create(4); // Create 4 nodes

// Create point-to-point links

PointToPointHelper pointToPoint;

pointToPoint.SetDeviceAttribute(“DataRate”, StringValue(“10Mbps”));

pointToPoint.SetChannelAttribute(“Delay”, StringValue(“2ms”));

NetDeviceContainer devices1 = pointToPoint.Install(nodes.Get(0), nodes.Get(1));

NetDeviceContainer devices2 = pointToPoint.Install(nodes.Get(1), nodes.Get(2));

NetDeviceContainer devices3 = pointToPoint.Install(nodes.Get(2), nodes.Get(3));

// Install Internet stack

InternetStackHelper stack;

stack.Install(nodes);

// Assign IP addresses

Ipv4AddressHelper ipv4;

ipv4.SetBase(“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);

ipv4.Assign(devices1);

ipv4.SetBase(“10.1.2.0”, “255.255.255.0”);

ipv4.Assign(devices2);

ipv4.SetBase(“10.1.3.0”, “255.255.255.0”);

ipv4.Assign(devices3);

 

// Configure static routing

Ipv4StaticRoutingHelper staticRoutingHelper;

// Node 0 to Node 3 via shortest path

Ptr<Ipv4StaticRouting> staticRoutingNode0 = staticRoutingHelper.GetStaticRouting(nodes.Get(0)->GetObject<Ipv4>());

staticRoutingNode0->AddHostRouteTo(Ipv4Address(“10.1.3.2”), Ipv4Address(“10.1.1.2”), 1);

Simulator::Run();

Simulator::Destroy();

return 0;

}

  1. Option 2: Use Global Routing

The Global routing automatically, it calculates the minimum paths utilized their Dijkstra’s method.

Steps:

  1. Utilizing the Ipv4GlobalRoutingHelper to create the routing tables.
  2. It works well for static topologies.

Example Code:

#include “ns3/core-module.h”

#include “ns3/network-module.h”

#include “ns3/internet-module.h”

#include “ns3/point-to-point-module.h”

using namespace ns3;

int main() {

// Create nodes

NodeContainer nodes;

nodes.Create(4);

// Create point-to-point links

PointToPointHelper pointToPoint;

pointToPoint.SetDeviceAttribute(“DataRate”, StringValue(“10Mbps”));

pointToPoint.SetChannelAttribute(“Delay”, StringValue(“2ms”));

NetDeviceContainer devices1 = pointToPoint.Install(nodes.Get(0), nodes.Get(1));

NetDeviceContainer devices2 = pointToPoint.Install(nodes.Get(1), nodes.Get(2));

NetDeviceContainer devices3 = pointToPoint.Install(nodes.Get(2), nodes.Get(3));

// Install Internet stack

InternetStackHelper stack;

stack.Install(nodes);

// Assign IP addresses

Ipv4AddressHelper ipv4;

ipv4.SetBase(“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);

ipv4.Assign(devices1);

ipv4.SetBase(“10.1.2.0”, “255.255.255.0”);

ipv4.Assign(devices2);

ipv4.SetBase(“10.1.3.0”, “255.255.255.0”);

ipv4.Assign(devices3);

// Enable Global Routing

Ipv4GlobalRoutingHelper::PopulateRoutingTables();

Simulator::Run();

Simulator::Destroy();

 

return 0;

}

  1. Option 3: Implement Custom Optimal Routing Protocol

To estimate a custom routing protocol:

  1. Extend Ipv4RoutingProtocol.
  2. Utilized an optimization algorithm for instance Dijkstra, Bellman-Ford we calculate the routes.
  3. Integrate the further parameter metrics such as bandwidth, latency, or QoS parameters.

Skeleton Code:

#include “ns3/ipv4-routing-protocol.h”

namespace ns3 {

class OptimalRoutingProtocol : public Ipv4RoutingProtocol {

public:

static TypeId GetTypeId();

OptimalRoutingProtocol();

virtual ~OptimalRoutingProtocol();

Ptr<Ipv4Route> RouteOutput(Ptr<Packet> packet, const Ipv4Header &header,

Ptr<NetDevice> oif, Socket::SocketErrno &sockerr) override;

bool RouteInput(Ptr<const Packet> packet, const Ipv4Header &header,

Ptr<const NetDevice> idev, UnicastForwardCallback ucb,

MulticastForwardCallback mcb, LocalDeliverCallback lcb,

ErrorCallback ecb) override;

private:

void ComputeOptimalRoutes();

std::map<uint32_t, uint32_t> routingTable; // Destination -> Next Hop

};

} // namespace ns3

  1. Testing and Debugging
  1. Enable Logging:

NS_LOG=”OptimalRoutingProtocol” ./waf –run optimal-routing

  1. Verify Routes: Print routing tables:

Ptr<Ipv4> ipv4 = nodes.Get(0)->GetObject<Ipv4>();

ipv4->GetRoutingProtocol()->PrintRoutingTable(std::cout);

  1. Analyze Traffic: Utilized their PCAP files to validate their packet forwarding by tools like Wireshark:

pointToPoint.EnablePcapAll(“optimal-routing”);

At the end of this manual, we clearly elaborated and deliver the details and shown examples of how to simulate optimal routing projects in Ns3 tool by using the above discussed techniques. We will deliver more information according to your needs in these specific optimal routing project.

To initiate optimal routing projects utilizing NS3, it is essential to submit all relevant project details to phdprojects.org, where we ensure the delivery of the best results.