How to Start SPIN Protocol Projects Using NS2

To start Sensor Protocols for Information via Negotiation (SPIN) protocol projects in NS2 (Network Simulator 2), which is a data-centric routing protocol that typically utilized within Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). It can be indented for minimizing the redundancy and save energy via negotiation-based data dissemination. We can go along the organized steps below.

Steps to Start SPIN Protocol Projects in NS2

  1. Set Up NS2 Environment
  • Make sure that we have installed NS2 and properly working on the system.
  • We can set up NS2 on Linux/Ubuntu:

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install ns2 nam xgraph

  • Confirm installation:

ns

The % prompt will check NS2 installation that is effectively installed.

  1. Understand SPIN Protocol
  • SPIN Overview:
    • SPIN utilizes 3 kinds of messages:
      1. ADV (Advertisement): Advertises the availability of data.
      2. REQ (Request): It demands the certain information.
      3. DATA: It supports to transmit the real data.
  • Key Features:
    • Negotiation removes redundant data transmission.
    • It is used for energy-efficient in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs).
  1. Plan the Simulation
  • Network Topology: We will need to create a network topology that supports to locate the sensor nodes arbitrarily.
  • Traffic Model: CBR (Constant Bit Rate) or event-based data generation.
  • Metrics to Evaluate:
    • Data delivery ratio
    • Routing overhead
    • Energy consumption
    • Latency
  1. Create a TCL Script

Here’s an instance of TCL script to execute the SPIN protocol in NS2:

SPIN Protocol Simulation Script

# Initialize the Simulator

set ns [new Simulator]

set tracefile [open spin_trace.tr w]

$ns trace-all $tracefile

set namfile open spin_nam.nam w]

$ns namtrace-all $namfile

# Define Colors

$ns color 1 Blue

$ns color 2 Red

# Create Nodes

set val(nn) 10                ;# Number of nodes

set val(x) 500                ;# X dimension of topology

set vl(y) 500                ;# Y dimension of topology

set vl(stop) 10.0            ;# Simulation time

# Seup Nodes with Random Placement

for{set i 0} {$i < $val(nn)} {incr i} {

se node_($i) [$ns node]

$node_($i) set X_ [expr rand()*$val(x)]

$node_($i) set Y_ [expr rand()*$val(y)]

$node_($i) set Z_ 0

}

# Configure SPIN-like Data Dissemination Behavior

# Define Links and Communication Range

for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn)} {incr i} {

for {set j [expr $i + 1]} {$j < $val(nn)} {incr j} {

$ns duplex-link $node_($i) $node_($j) 1Mb 5ms DropTail

}

}

# Define Traffic: ADV, REQ, and DATA Simulation (CBR Traffic)

set udp [new Agent/UDP]

set null [new Agent/Null]

$ns attach-agent $node_(0) $udp

$ns attach-agent $node_($val(nn)-1) $null

$ns connect $udp $null

set cbr [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$cbr attach-agent $udp

$cbr set packetSize_ 512

$cbr set rate_ 1Mb

# Schedule Traffic for ADV, REQ, and DATA Phases

$ns at 1.0 “$cbr start”

$ns at 4.0 “$cbr stop”

# Finish Procedure

proc finish {} {

global ns tracefile namfile

$ns flush-trace

close $tracefile

close $namfile

exec nam spin_nam.nam &

exit 0

}

# Run Simulation

$ns at $val(stop) “finish”

$ns run

  1. Run the Simulation
  1. We will want to store the script like spin_simulation.tcl.
  2. Execute the tcl simulation script in NS2:

ns spin_simulation.tcl

  1. Outputs:
    • Trace File: spin_trace.tr
    • NAM Visualization: spin_nam.nam which helps to envision the performance outcomes.
  1. Analyze Simulation Results

Performance Metrics:

  1. Packet Delivery Ratio: Measure the packet that are effectively transmitted and received, applying AWK script:

awk ‘BEGIN {sent=0; recv=0}

{if ($1==”s”) sent++; if ($1==”r”) recv++}

END {print “PDR:”, recv/sent*100 “%”}’ spin_trace.tr

  1. Energy Efficiency: Replicate the power utilization by way of estimating the volume of ADV, REQ, and DATA messages which are transmitted.
  2. Routing Overhead: Assess the control messages such as ADV and REQ against data messages.

Graph Results:

Envision the performance parameters with xgraph:

xgraph pdr.xg energy.xg latency.xg

  1. Extend the Project
  1. Node Mobility: Replicate the mobility sensor nodes with the help of Random Waypoint Model.
  2. Event-Based Communication: Activate the data transmission if events arise.
  3. Performance Comparison:
    • We will equate the performance of SPIN with other protocols such as LEACH, AODV, or DSDV.
  4. Energy Model:
    • We can add energy patterns for estimating the node lifetime.

From the illustration, you can acquire complete simulation techniques to simulate the SPIN Protocol Projects with extension and sample coding that were executed using NS2 tool.  If you did like to know more details about this subject, feel free to ask.