How to Start Wireless Power Transfer Networks Using NS2

To start a Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) Network project in Network Simulator 2 (NS2), we can replicate the wireless transmission of power among the devices that are essential in wireless charging for mobile devices, IoT devices, or electric vehicles (EVs). These networks allow distributing the effective energy through the wireless interaction channels to decrease the requirement of custom wired power connections.

While NS2 is robust network simulation tool which is frequently utilised in communication networks, it can be adjusted for replicating the wireless power transfer’s interaction features like signal propagation, power allocation, and network traffic within a WPT system for data exchange.

Key Concepts of Wireless Power Transfer (WPT)

In WPT systems, devices like smartphones or IoT nodes have energy wirelessly to utilise one of the following approaches:

  1. Magnetic Resonance Coupling: This is an essential method, which utilises resonant magnetic fields for wirelessly transmitting energy.
  2. Microwave Power Transfer: A method that applying in microwave beams for sending power.
  3. Inductive Coupling: A method intended for short-range wireless charging.

NS2 isn’t directly provide to replicate the energy transfer’s physical features such as inductive or microwave coupling, but we will need to design the interact characteristics of a WPT system for controlling power transfer like the network structure, signal strength, and data exchange.

Steps to Start a Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) Network Project in NS2

Step 1: Understand the System Components

We can describe the essential modules that are included within a WPT network, before replicating the project:

  1. Power Source (Transmitter): The node liable for wirelessly sending energy. For instance, a charging station or base station.
  2. Power Receiver (Receiver): The node, which takes the energy form the receiver like a smartphone, IoT device, or electric vehicle.
  3. Communication Network: A network that has Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or 5G allowing the coordination of energy transfer via control signals, feedback for energy levels, or observing.
  4. Relay Nodes: We will need to contain the relay nodes for prolonging the energy transfer range or support with interaction as applicable.

We can design the communication network, signal propagation, and observe how data control signals are swapped for effective wireless power management among the transmitter nodes and receiver nodes.

Step 2: Install NS2

Make sure that we have installed the NS2 on the system. Unless, we can download and set up NS2 using provided installation guidance in the official NS2 website.

To verify the installation:

ns

If the NS2 prompt launches then we confirm that NS2 effectively installed.

Step 3: Design the Network Topology

Following is a simple module for a Wireless Power Transfer Network:

  • Power Transmitter (Charging Station): The node, which transmits the energy.
  • Power Receivers (Devices): Nodes helps to obtain the power through IoT devices or smartphones.
  • Communication Links: We can connect the communication links like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or cellular networks to manage the power transfer, demand energy, and transmit feedback regarding the power levels.

A simple simulation setting probably contains one transmitter node and several receiver nodes.

Step 4: Create the NS2 Simulation

Below is an instance of a basic simulation in which a power transmitter transmits the energy data, and receiver nodes demand the power wirelessly. We will need to apply UDP for replicating the interaction of power request/control signals.

Example: Wireless Power Transfer Network Simulation

# Create the simulator object

set ns [new Simulator]

# Create network nodes

set tx_node [$ns node]   ;# Power Transmitter (charging station)

set rx_node1 [$ns node]  ;# Power Receiver 1 (IoT device or smartphone)

set rx_node2 [$ns node]  ;# Power Receiver 2 (IoT device)

# Define the communication links (using UDP agents to simulate control signals)

$ns duplex-link $tx_node $rx_node1 10Mb 50ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link $tx_node $rx_node2 10Mb 50ms DropTail

# Set mobility model (static for simplicity, but can be dynamic)

$ns node-config -motion “fixed” -x 0 -y 0 -z 0  ;# Power Transmitter (Stationary)

$ns node-config -motion “random” -x 50 -y 50 -z 0 ;# Power Receiver 1 (Random movement)

$ns node-config -motion “random” -x 100 -y 100 -z 0 ;# Power Receiver 2 (Random movement)

# Create UDP agents (used for control signals between transmitter and receivers)

set udp_tx [new Agent/UDP]

set udp_rx1 [new Agent/UDP]

set udp_rx2 [new Agent/UDP]

# Attach UDP agents to nodes

$ns attach-agent $tx_node $udp_tx

$ns attach-agent $rx_node1 $udp_rx1

$ns attach-agent $rx_node2 $udp_rx2

# Define Traffic Generation (simulate periodic power requests from receivers)

set cbr_rx1 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$cbr_rx1 attach-agent $udp_rx1

$cbr_rx1 set packetSize_ 512

$cbr_rx1 set interval_ 1.0  ;# Sending power request every 1 second

set cbr_rx2 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$cbr_rx2 attach-agent $udp_rx2

$cbr_rx2 set packetSize_ 512

$cbr_rx2 set interval_ 1.0  ;# Sending power request every 1 second

# Start traffic at time 1.0 seconds and stop at time 5.0 seconds

$ns at 1.0 “$cbr_rx1 start”

$ns at 5.0 “$cbr_rx1 stop”

$ns at 1.0 “$cbr_rx2 start”

$ns at 5.0 “$cbr_rx2 stop”

# Finish the simulation after 6 seconds

$ns at 6.0 “finish”

# Define finish procedure

proc finish {} {

global ns

$ns flush-trace

exit 0

}

# Run the simulation

$ns run

Explanation of the Script:

  1. Simulator Setup:
    • set ns [new Simulator]: It makes the NS2 simulator entity.
  2. Node Creation:
    • set tx_node [$ns node]: It supports to generate the Power Transmitter node (the charging station).
    • set rx_node1 [$ns node], set rx_node2 [$ns node]: It assists to make two Power Receiver nodes (devices that can obtain power).
  3. Communication Links:
    • We can utilise duplex-link command that describes the bidirectional interaction connections among the transmitter and receivers. The link type is UDP for replicating the control signals.
  4. Mobility Model:
    • The motion setting denotes the fixed position for the transmitter and the random movement for the receivers that can replicate the devices transmitting within a real-world scenario.
  5. Traffic Generation:
    • The Constant Bit Rate (CBR) traffic source mimics power requests periodically from the receivers to the transmitter nodes. These demands are transmitted at 1-second intervals.
    • We need to modify it for replicating diverse energy levels or power utilization.
  6. Simulation Timing:
    • The traffic is begin at time 1.0 and end at time 5.0 seconds.
    • The simulation stops at 6.0 seconds including the finish procedure that clears the trace files.

Step 5: Run the Simulation

We need to store the simulation script like wpt_network_simulation.tcl and then execute the simulation using NS2:

ns wpt_network_simulation.tcl

It will create a trace file (*.tr), which records the events within the simulation.

Step 6: Analyze the Results

We will want to obtain certain performance parameters from the trace file to apply the AWK or grep:

awk ‘{ if ($1 == “r”) print $0 }’ tracefile.tr > received_packets.txt

Then, envision the outcomes with Xgraph:

xgraph tracefile.tr

It enables for graphing the diverse indicators such as packet reception, delay, throughput, or other network behaviors.

Step 7: Extend the Simulation

  1. Power Transfer Control:
    • We will need to prolong the simulation by way of launching the power control mechanisms in which receiver nodes demand certain power levels and the transmitter consequently modifies the energy.
  2. Energy Efficiency:
    • Replicate the energy-efficient power transfer mechanisms. We design the power consumption patterns for devices and then mimic how energy-efficient protocols enhance the power usage for reducing the energy.
  3. Multiple Power Transmitters:
    • Extend the network scenario to several transmitter nodes (e.g., multiple charging stations) which performing in numerous receiver nodes.
  4. Channel Modeling:
    • We want to design more realistic signal propagation by leveraging the path loss models, interference models, and integrating environmental factors like shadowing, fading for mimicking real-world scenarios.
  5. Advanced Mobility:
    • Launch the advanced dynamic mobility for transmitter and receiver nodes that helps to replicate the real-world movement like charging stations which are transferring with vehicles or drones.
  6. Security:
    • Replicate the security protocols, making sure that the secure transfer of control signals among the transmitter and receiver nodes for data transmission.

Step 8: Documentation and Reporting

For research or project purposes, we can contain:

  • Diagram of the Network: Make a topology diagram to explain the power transmitters, receivers, and communication links placement.
  • Metrics Analysis: Examine the crucial performance parameters like packet loss, throughput, latency, and power request response time for analysis.
  • Simulation Parameters: Record the simulation indicators such as mobility models, traffic patterns, and protocols which are applied in the simulation.

Conclusion

To replicate the Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) Networks using NS2, we can examine the interaction features of power transfer systems. NS2 doesn’t replicate the energy transfer’s physical characteristics directly; however it is very useful to design the network layer and the communication protocols to manage the wireless power transfer. By prolonging this simple simulation, within WPT networks we will need to learn the power request protocols, signal propagation, and network efficiency.

With these steps, you can simulate and analyze the Wireless Power Transfer Networks in NS2, allowing you to evaluate its performance in diverse scenarios. Any further questions can be addressed in another manual.