How to Start Wireless Power Transfer Networks Using NS3

To start a Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) Network project using NS3, it contains to replicate a network in which nodes can wirelessly transfer power to each other that frequently for applications such as Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) or Internet of Things (IoT) devices. While NS3 doesn’t natively support WPT then we will want to utilize custom code and models, replicating power transfer behavior and their influence of network performance. Following is a brief guide to set up a WPT simulation in NS3:

Steps to Start Wireless Power Transfer Networks Projects in NS3

  1. Define the Project Goals and Scope
  • Detect certain objectives for WPT network like energy harvesting, power transfer efficiency, range of power transfer, or network lifetime optimization.
  • Find out if we need to concentrate on particular applications like sensor networks including WPT capabilities, or IoT devices, which produce energy, prolonging the battery life.
  1. Install NS3 and Set Up the Environment
  • From the official NS3 website, we can download and install NS3.
  • Check the installation by executing a simple NS3 example, making sure that environment is properly functioning.
  1. Understand NS3’s Relevant Modules
  • Energy Models: NS3 environment offers energy models, which replicate the battery and energy consumption that can be changed for WPT within wireless networks.
  • Wireless Models (WiFi/LTE): While WPT networks frequently contain the wireless nodes then utilize wifi or lte modules, configuring simple wireless connectivity.
  • Mobility Models: These models permit to replicate the mobile nodes and then we experiment how WPT performs with node movement.
  1. Design the WPT Network Topology
  • Select the layout and nodes placement to detect which nodes will perform like power transmitters and which will behave as power receivers.
  • We make situations like stationary nodes, which wirelessly transfer power to neighbouring devices or mobile nodes, which obtain power when they arrive in range of a transmitter.
  1. Implement Power Transfer Behavior
  • Define Power Transmitter Nodes: Configure certain nodes like WPT transmitters, which release power to neighbouring nodes.
  • Energy Harvesting at Receiver Nodes: Replicate an energy harvesting on receiver nodes to utilize NS3’s energy model, depends on the proximity to transmitter nodes to modify the battery level.
  • Custom Power Transfer Model: While NS3 doesn’t support a built-in WPT model then we can make a basic custom model:
    • We compute the distance-based power transfer, depends on the distance among transmitter and receiver to minimize the power transferred.
    • In receiver nodes, modernize energy levels when in the dynamic range of a transmitter.
  1. Modify the Energy Model for WPT Simulation
  • Replicate the energy exhausted by each node to utilize NS3’s BasicEnergySource and DeviceEnergyModel.
  • Make a custom function, replicating power received on each node and consequently monitor the energy source. For instance:
    • Describe a function, rely on the distance among transmitter and receiver which computes received power.
    • Bring up to date battery level of the receiver according to the computed power.
  1. Set Up Applications and Data Flow
  • Set applications such as OnOffApplication, replicating data traffic among the nodes that exhausts energy.
  • According to the available energy levels, we configure the data rate and transmission power to deliberate the dependency on wireless power transfer.
  1. Define Key Performance Metrics
  • Battery Life/Network Lifetime: Estimate how long the network stays the operational with WPT.
  • Power Transfer Efficiency: We measure how much power is effectively sent to receiver nodes against total power broadcasted.
  • Coverage Area: Find the dynamic range of WPT and how long power can be sent to attain the distant nodes.
  • Throughput: We need to estimate the data rate attained that may rely on the energy available on each node.
  1. Simulate and Analyze the Results
  • We can execute the simulation along with diverse sets up like different distance among the nodes, transmission power, or mobility.
  • Accumulate data on battery levels, power transfer success, and network performance over time using NS3’s tracing aspects.
  • We can envision the outcomes to examine the influence over WPT on node lifetime, network reliability, and energy efficiency.

Example Code Outline for a WPT Network in NS3

Below is a basic NS3 code configuration, which replicates a network including one transmitter node that wirelessly transfers power to neighbouring receiver nodes:

#include “ns3/core-module.h”

#include “ns3/network-module.h”

#include “ns3/internet-module.h”

#include “ns3/wifi-module.h”

#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”

#include “ns3/energy-module.h”

#include “ns3/applications-module.h”

using namespace ns3;

void UpdateEnergyLevel(Ptr<BasicEnergySource> energySource, double distance) {

double powerReceived = 0.0;

double maxTransferRange = 10.0;  // Maximum distance for WPT

// Calculate power received based on distance (simplified model)

if (distance < maxTransferRange) {

powerReceived = 5.0 * (1 – (distance / maxTransferRange));  // Example power calculation

}

// Update energy level

energySource->UpdateEnergy(powerReceived);

}

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

NodeContainer nodes;

nodes.Create(3);  // One transmitter, two receivers

// Set up WiFi

WifiHelper wifi;

wifi.SetStandard(WIFI_PHY_STANDARD_80211b);

YansWifiPhyHelper wifiPhy = YansWifiPhyHelper::Default();

YansWifiChannelHelper wifiChannel = YansWifiChannelHelper::Default();

wifiPhy.SetChannel(wifiChannel.Create());

WifiMacHelper wifiMac;

wifi.SetRemoteStationManager(“ns3::AarfWifiManager”);

Ssid ssid = Ssid(“WPT-Network”);

wifiMac.SetType(“ns3::StaWifiMac”, “Ssid”, SsidValue(ssid), “ActiveProbing”, BooleanValue(false));

NetDeviceContainer devices = wifi.Install(wifiPhy, wifiMac, nodes);

// Set up mobility

MobilityHelper mobility;

mobility.SetPositionAllocator(“ns3::GridPositionAllocator”,

“MinX”, DoubleValue(0.0),

“MinY”, DoubleValue(0.0),

“DeltaX”, DoubleValue(10.0),

“GridWidth”, UintegerValue(3),

“LayoutType”, StringValue(“RowFirst”));

mobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel”);

mobility.Install(nodes);

// Install the internet stack

InternetStackHelper stack;

stack.Install(nodes);

// Set up energy source

BasicEnergySourceHelper energySourceHelper;

energySourceHelper.Set(“BasicEnergySourceInitialEnergyJ”, DoubleValue(100.0));

EnergySourceContainer energySources = energySourceHelper.Install(nodes);

// Set up application on each node

uint16_t port = 9;

OnOffHelper onoff(“ns3::UdpSocketFactory”, InetSocketAddress(Ipv4Address::GetAny(), port));

onoff.SetConstantRate(DataRate(“500kbps”));

ApplicationContainer app = onoff.Install(nodes.Get(1));  // Source node

app.Start(Seconds(1.0));

app.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

// Energy transfer simulation

for (NodeContainer::Iterator i = nodes.Begin(); i != nodes.End(); ++i) {

Ptr<MobilityModel> mob = (*i)->GetObject<MobilityModel>();

double distance = mob->GetDistanceFrom(nodes.Get(0)->GetObject<MobilityModel>());  // Distance from transmitter

Ptr<BasicEnergySource> energySource = (*i)->GetObject<BasicEnergySource>();

Simulator::Schedule(Seconds(2.0), &UpdateEnergyLevel, energySource, distance);  // Simulate WPT effect

}

Simulator::Run();

Simulator::Destroy();

return 0;

}

Additional Considerations

  • Power Decay Modeling: Execute additional realistic decay model such as inverse-square law, deliberating how power minimizes across distance.
  • Multiple Transmitters and Receivers: We experiment the situations along with several transmitters for larger networks and active power transfer.
  • Advanced Energy Harvesting Techniques: According to the time or usage pattern, we can change energy levels for a more advanced energy harvesting simulation.

Here, we clearly understood the basic simulation procedures for Wireless Power Transfer Networks that were executed and simulated using the NS3 tool. We will also provide additional information about how Wireless Power Transfer networks perform in diverse simulation tool.

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