NS3 5G

The MAC and PHY layers, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), radio link control (RLC) and other important layers are encompassed in the major protocols and elements. Our team effectively handles the topic selection and thesis writing for all NS3 5G concepts. We suggest a few significant protocols as applied in ns-3, including concise explanations:

Physical Layer (PHY)

Specifically for waveform creation, signal reception, and channel propagation, models are encompassed in ns-3’s PHY layer for 5G. Various missions are managed by this layer, including transmission over the time, coding, and modulation.

Major Aspects:

mmWave Spectrum Module: This module manages mmWave frequency bands.
nrSpectrumModule: The 5G NR spectrum arrangements are facilitated by nrSpectrumModule.
Channel Models: Includes conventional propagation models, Clustered Delay Line (CDL), and Tapped Delay Line (TDL).

Medium Access Control (MAC) Layer

For numerous processes like assuring effective medium access for several users, scheduling, and resource allocation, the MAC layer is highly efficient and liable.

Major Aspects:

NR MAC Scheduler: Among several users, it handles the allocation of resources.
Proportional Fair Scheduler
Max Throughput Scheduler
Round Robin Scheduler
HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request): By means of retransmissions, it improves credibility.
Dynamic TDD (Time Division Duplex): For UL/DL, it facilitates adaptable slot arrangements.

Radio Link Control (RLC) Layer

Several processes such as data segmentation, error rectification, and reconfiguration are handled by the RLC layer. In various modes, this layer functions effectively:

Transparent Mode (TM): Excluding segmentation/reconfiguration, it carries out a basic data transmission process.
Unacknowledged Mode (UM): Without retransmissions, this mode offers segmentation and reconfiguration.
Acknowledged Mode (AM): By means of retransmissions, it facilitates error rectification process.

Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) Layer

Using encryption and header compression, the effective data transmission is assured by the PDCP layer. The retransmissions and reconfigurations are also managed by this layer.

Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP)

On the basis of QoS specifications, the SDAP layer maps among data radio bearers (DRBs) and QoS flows.

Evolved Packet Core (EPC) Integration

For the simulation of end-to-end network settings, with base stations (gNodeB), user equipment (UE), and various elements of core network such as Packet Data Network Gateway (PGW), Serving Gateway (SGW), and Mobility Management Entity (MME), the ns-3 supports the combination of Evolved Packet Core (EPC) and 5G NR.

Instance Configuration in ns-3

To configure a basic 5G simulation platform in ns-3, examine the following instance:

#include “ns3/core-module.h”

#include “ns3/network-module.h”

#include “ns3/internet-module.h”

#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”

#include “ns3/point-to-point-module.h”

#include “ns3/config-store-module.h”

#include “ns3/applications-module.h”

#include “ns3/nr-module.h”

#include “ns3/mmwave-helper.h”

#include “ns3/epc-helper.h”

using namespace ns3;

int main (int argc, char *argv[])

{

// Simulation parameters

double simTime = 10.0;

uint16_t numUeNodes = 2;

uint16_t numGnbNodes = 1;

// Set up nodes for UEs and gNBs

NodeContainer ueNodes;

ueNodes.Create(numUeNodes);

NodeContainer gnbNodes;

gnbNodes.Create(numGnbNodes);

// Set up mobility models

MobilityHelper mobility;

mobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel”);

mobility.Install(gnbNodes);

mobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::RandomWalk2dMobilityModel”, “Bounds”, RectangleValue(Rectangle(-100, 100, -100, 100)));

mobility.Install(ueNodes);

// Set up internet stack

InternetStackHelper internet;

internet.Install(ueNodes);

internet.Install(gnbNodes);

// Set up the NR and EPC helpers

Ptr<NrHelper> nrHelper = CreateObject<NrHelper>();

Ptr<PointToPointEpcHelper> epcHelper = CreateObject<PointToPointEpcHelper>();

nrHelper->SetEpcHelper(epcHelper);

// Set up gNB and UE devices

NetDeviceContainer gnbDevices = nrHelper->InstallGnbDevice(gnbNodes);

NetDeviceContainer ueDevices = nrHelper->InstallUeDevice(ueNodes);

// Attach UEs to the gNB

nrHelper->Attach(ueDevices, gnbDevices.Get(0));

// Set up IP address assignment

Ipv4InterfaceContainer ueIpIfaces;

ueIpIfaces = epcHelper->AssignUeIpv4Address(NetDeviceContainer(ueDevices));

// Set up applications

uint16_t dlPort = 1234;

uint16_t ulPort = 2000;

OnOffHelper dlClient(“ns3::UdpSocketFactory”, InetSocketAddress(ueIpIfaces.GetAddress(0), dlPort));

dlClient.SetAttribute(“DataRate”, DataRateValue(DataRate(“100Mb/s”)));

dlClient.SetAttribute(“PacketSize”, UintegerValue(1024));

ApplicationContainer clientApps = dlClient.Install(gnbNodes.Get(0));

clientApps.Start(Seconds(1.0));

clientApps.Stop(Seconds(simTime));

PacketSinkHelper dlPacketSinkHelper(“ns3::UdpSocketFactory”, InetSocketAddress(Ipv4Address::GetAny(), dlPort));

ApplicationContainer serverApps = dlPacketSinkHelper.Install(ueNodes.Get(0));

serverApps.Start(Seconds(1.0));

serverApps.Stop(Seconds(simTime));

OnOffHelper ulClient(“ns3::UdpSocketFactory”, InetSocketAddress(gnbNodes.GetAddress(0), ulPort));

ulClient.SetAttribute(“DataRate”, DataRateValue(DataRate(“50Mb/s”)));

ulClient.SetAttribute(“PacketSize”, UintegerValue(1024));

clientApps = ulClient.Install(ueNodes.Get(0));

clientApps.Start(Seconds(1.0));

clientApps.Stop(Seconds(simTime));

PacketSinkHelper ulPacketSinkHelper(“ns3::UdpSocketFactory”, InetSocketAddress(Ipv4Address::GetAny(), ulPort));

serverApps = ulPacketSinkHelper.Install(gnbNodes.Get(0));

serverApps.Start(Seconds(1.0));

serverApps.Stop(Seconds(simTime));

// Set up tracing

nrHelper->EnableTraces();

// Run simulation

Simulator::Stop(Seconds(simTime));

Simulator::Run();

Simulator::Destroy();

return 0;

}

Important Procedures in the Instance:

Node Development: For gNodeB (gNB) and User Equipment (UE), nodes are developed.
Mobility Formats: Mobility patterns are configured for the nodes.
Internet Stack: The internet stack is installed on the nodes.
NR and EPC Helpers: To simulate core network and 5G NR elements, EPC and NR helpers are arranged.
Device Installation: On the gNBs and UEs, the NR devices are installed.
Attachment: The UEs are connected to the gNB.
IP Address Allocation: For UE devices, the IP addresses are allocated.
Applications: In order to simulate data traffic, the uplink and downlink applications are arranged.
Tracing: To store simulation data, the tracing capability is facilitated.
Simulation Performance: For a certain timeline, the simulation is executed.

What is the 5G model in NS3?

The 5G model in ns-3 facilitates the simulation process in an efficient manner by offering various major elements. We list out all the significant elements of the 5G model along with their features, and instance for simple 5G network simulation:

Significant Elements of the 5G Model in ns-3

NR (New Radio) Module
mmWave Module
Evolved Packet Core (EPC) Integration
Simulation Examples and Scenarios

NR (New Radio) Module

For the simulation of the 5G NR mechanism according to 3GPP principles, the NR module in ns-3 offers the required capabilities. Several major characteristics are encompassed in this module and they are:

Physical Layer (PHY)

Waveform Generation: With adaptable numerologies, it assists OFDM-related waveforms.
Channel Models: This layer applies various channel models like Clustered Delay Line (CDL) and Tapped Delay Line (TDL).
Beamforming: Majorly for mmWave interaction, it enables different beamforming approaches.

Medium Access Control (MAC) Layer

Resource Allocation: For allocating resources to various users in a dynamic manner, it applies scheduling methods.
HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request): To enhance credibility by means of retransmissions, it enables HARQ procedures.
Dynamic TDD: The adaptable Time Division Duplexing (TDD) arrangements are facilitated by this layer efficiently.

Radio Link Control (RLC) Layer

Modes: For data transmission, it assists Acknowledged Mode (AM), Unacknowledged Mode (UM), and Transparent Mode (TM).
Segmentation and Reassembly: This layer deals with data packets by managing segmentation and reconfiguration processes.

Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) Layer

Header Compression: It specifically applies header compression approaches.
Security: Morality security and encryption are assisted by this layer.

Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP)

QoS Mapping: To data radio bearers (DRBs), it maps the flows of QoS (Quality of Service).

mmWave Module

To assist mmWave frequencies, the mmWave module in ns-3 expands the NR module’s functionalities. In 5G, mmWave frequency is considered as the major factor.

Characteristics of the mmWave Module:

High-Frequency Support: In the mmWave range, it enables frequencies (for instance: 28 GHz, 60GHz).
Advanced Propagation Models: By focusing on path loss, multipath impacts, and shadowing, it applies in-depth propagation frameworks.
Beamforming and Beam Tracking: To tackle the extensive path loss in mmWave bands, beamforming and beam tracking are most significant.
MAC and PHY Enhancements: For managing the mmWave communication features, they are mainly designed.

Evolved Packet Core (EPC) Integration

In order to simulate end-to-end network settings, the 5G model in ns-3 generally combines with the EPC (Evolved Packet Core).

EPC Elements:

Mobility Management Entity (MME): It handles the situations relevant to mobility and session.
Serving Gateway (SGW): User data packets are directed and forwarded by this SGW.
Packet Data Network Gateway (PGW): To exterior networks, it offers connection.
HSS (Home Subscriber Server): HSS records subscription details and user descriptions.

Simulation Instances and Settings

To depict the 5G model application, numerous sample scripts are offered by ns-3. For developing highly complicated simulations, these sample scripts can act as an efficient foundation.

Instance Setting: Basic 5G Network Simulation

For configuring a simple 5G network simulation including EPC and NR combination, consider the following instance of ns-3 script:

#include “ns3/core-module.h”

#include “ns3/network-module.h”

#include “ns3/internet-module.h”

#include “ns3/point-to-point-module.h”

#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”

#include “ns3/config-store-module.h”

#include “ns3/applications-module.h”

#include “ns3/nr-module.h”

#include “ns3/mmwave-helper.h”

#include “ns3/epc-helper.h”

using namespace ns3;

int main (int argc, char *argv[])

{

// Simulation parameters

double simTime = 10.0;

uint16_t numUeNodes = 2;

uint16_t numGnbNodes = 1;

// Set up nodes for UEs and gNBs

NodeContainer ueNodes;

ueNodes.Create(numUeNodes);

NodeContainer gnbNodes;

gnbNodes.Create(numGnbNodes);

// Set up mobility models

MobilityHelper mobility;

mobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel”);

mobility.Install(gnbNodes);

mobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::RandomWalk2dMobilityModel”, “Bounds”, RectangleValue(Rectangle(-100, 100, -100, 100)));

mobility.Install(ueNodes);

// Set up internet stack

InternetStackHelper internet;

internet.Install(ueNodes);

internet.Install(gnbNodes);

// Set up the NR and EPC helpers

Ptr<NrHelper> nrHelper = CreateObject<NrHelper>();

Ptr<PointToPointEpcHelper> epcHelper = CreateObject<PointToPointEpcHelper>();

nrHelper->SetEpcHelper(epcHelper);

// Set up gNB and UE devices

NetDeviceContainer gnbDevices = nrHelper->InstallGnbDevice(gnbNodes);

NetDeviceContainer ueDevices = nrHelper->InstallUeDevice(ueNodes);

// Attach UEs to the gNB

nrHelper->Attach(ueDevices, gnbDevices.Get(0));

// Set up IP address assignment

Ipv4InterfaceContainer ueIpIfaces;

ueIpIfaces = epcHelper->AssignUeIpv4Address(NetDeviceContainer(ueDevices));

// Set up applications

uint16_t dlPort = 1234;

uint16_t ulPort = 2000;

OnOffHelper dlClient(“ns3::UdpSocketFactory”, InetSocketAddress(ueIpIfaces.GetAddress(0), dlPort));

dlClient.SetAttribute(“DataRate”, DataRateValue(DataRate(“100Mb/s”)));

dlClient.SetAttribute(“PacketSize”, UintegerValue(1024));

ApplicationContainer clientApps = dlClient.Install(gnbNodes.Get(0));

clientApps.Start(Seconds(1.0));

clientApps.Stop(Seconds(simTime));

PacketSinkHelper dlPacketSinkHelper(“ns3::UdpSocketFactory”, InetSocketAddress(Ipv4Address::GetAny(), dlPort));

ApplicationContainer serverApps = dlPacketSinkHelper.Install(ueNodes.Get(0));

serverApps.Start(Seconds(1.0));

serverApps.Stop(Seconds(simTime));

OnOffHelper ulClient(“ns3::UdpSocketFactory”, InetSocketAddress(gnbNodes.GetAddress(0), ulPort));

ulClient.SetAttribute(“DataRate”, DataRateValue(DataRate(“50Mb/s”)));

ulClient.SetAttribute(“PacketSize”, UintegerValue(1024));

clientApps = ulClient.Install(ueNodes.Get(0));

clientApps.Start(Seconds(1.0));

clientApps.Stop(Seconds(simTime));

PacketSinkHelper ulPacketSinkHelper(“ns3::UdpSocketFactory”, InetSocketAddress(Ipv4Address::GetAny(), ulPort));

serverApps = ulPacketSinkHelper.Install(gnbNodes.Get(0));

serverApps.Start(Seconds(1.0));

serverApps.Stop(Seconds(simTime));

// Set up tracing

nrHelper->EnableTraces();

// Run simulation

Simulator::Stop(Seconds(simTime));

Simulator::Run();

Simulator::Destroy();

return 0;

}

Major Components in the Script:

Node Development: Nodes are developed for gNBs and UEs.
Mobility Patterns: For the nodes, mobility formats are specified.
Internet Stack: Specifically on the nodes, the internet stack is installed.
NR and EPC Helpers: To build EPC and NR elements, helpers are arranged.
Device Installation: On gNBs and UEs, NR devices are installed appropriately.
Attachment: In the script, UEs and gNB are connected.
IP Address Allocation: For UE devices, IP addresses are allotted.
Application Arrangement: To create downlink and uplink traffic, applications are arranged.
Tracing: Particularly for gathering simulation data, tracing functionality is facilitated.
Simulation Performance: For a determined time, frame, the simulation is executed.

NS3 5G Project Topics & Ideas

A few NS3 5G Project Topics & Ideas that are trending among scholars are shared below. If you are seeking novel services then we serve you with best writing and implementation plan. Practical explanations will be provided from our best researchers you can solve all your doubts. Drop a message with us for more support.

Global and Full-Spectrum Perception for Agile Optical-Wireless Converged Networks in 5G and Beyond
Cooperative Base Station Caching and X2 Link Traffic Offloading System for Video Streaming Over SDN-Enabled 5G Networks
Bandwidth Factor Computation Framework for Traffic Routing in 5G Networks
The eNodeB Selection Using Channel Outcome with Machine Learning in Dense 5G Networks
Research on User Access Selection Mechanism Based on Maximum Throughput for 5G Network Slicing
Evaluation of Multi-operator dynamic 5G Network Slicing for Vehicular Emergency Scenarios
Distributed Trusted Authority-based Key Management for Beyond 5G Network Coding-enabled Mobile Small Cells
A Real-Time Network Traffic Identifier for Open 5G/B5G Networks via Prototype Analysis
Quasi-Yagi Uda MIMO 2×2 Antenna for 5G Network on Cellular Devices Application
On Security Against Pollution Attacks in Network Coding Enabled 5G Networks
Divide and Cache: A Novel Control Plane Framework for Private 5G Networks
Review on Reinforcement Learning-based approaches for Service Function Chain deployment in 5G networks
On the Distributed Jamming System of Covert Timing Channels in 5G Networks
Reviewing the role of machine learning and artificial intelligence for remote attestation in 5G+ networks
The impact of base station antennas configuration on the performance of millimetre wave 5G networks
On the Feasibility of Cellular-Connected Drones in Existing 4G/5G Networks: Field Trials
A Review on 5G Network System with its limitation and different Approaches to build strong 5G Network System
Enabling Millimeter-Wave 5G Networks for Massive IoT Applications: A Closer Look at the Issues Impacting Millimeter-Waves in Consumer Devices Under the 5G Framework
Optical versus electronic packet switching in delay-sensitive 5G networks: myths versus advantages
Deep Neural Networks approach for Power Head-Room Predictions in 5G Networks and Beyond